Biomolecules

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides, and cane sugar is a disaccharide.

Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose in animals and is stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Iodine solution reacts with starch to produce a characteristic blue-black color, making it a standard test for starch detection.

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule linked together.

An apoenzyme is the protein component of an enzyme that is inactive until combined with a cofactor or coenzyme.

Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails. Albumin, globulin, and histone are globular or functional proteins.

Casein is the primary protein found in milk, accounting for about 80 percent of the total protein content.

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen and gives blood its red color.

Glycine, lysine, and tryptophan are amino acids. Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not an amino acid.

Actin and myosin are the two primary contractile proteins that interact to cause muscle fiber contraction.

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a deficiency in dietary protein.

Hexose sugars are monosaccharides with six carbon atoms. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all common examples of hexoses.

Enzymes are proteins, and high temperatures cause them to lose their specific three-dimensional shape, a process known as denaturation, which renders them non-functional.

Glycogen is the primary storage polysaccharide in animals, often referred to as animal starch. Amylase is an enzyme, while chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in fungi and arthropods.

Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all monosaccharides with the chemical formula C6H12O6, which classifies them as hexoses because they contain six carbon atoms.

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that provides structural support to plant cell walls. Starch and glycogen are storage polysaccharides, while chitin is found in fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons.

Lactose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Maltose consists of two glucose units, and sucrose consists of glucose and fructose.

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all homopolysaccharides because they are composed entirely of glucose units. Since all listed options are homopolysaccharides, the correct answer is all of these.

Serum albumin is a simple protein because it consists only of amino acids without any non-protein prosthetic groups. Conjugated proteins require a non-protein component.

Agar-agar is a gelatinous substance obtained from the cell walls of certain species of red algae, specifically from the genus Gelidium.

Lactose is a disaccharide that, upon hydrolysis, breaks down into its constituent monosaccharides: D-glucose and D-galactose.

Living cells rely on a variety of organic molecules to function, including carbohydrates for energy, proteins and lipids for structure and function, and nucleic acids for genetic information. Therefore, all these categories are essential.

Maltose is a disaccharide, not a polysaccharide. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all examples of polysaccharides.