GK (Mixed)

Chittaranjan Das, a prominent lawyer and leader in the Indian independence movement, was popularly known as 'Deshbandhu', which means 'Friend of the Nation'. He was the founder-leader of the Swaraj Party. C.F. Andrews was known as 'Deenbandhu' (Friend of the Poor).

'Meri Ekyawan Kavitayen' (My 51 Poems) is a celebrated collection of poems written by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the former Prime Minister of India. He was well-known for his oratorical skills and literary contributions in Hindi. The other options are famous Hindi poets, but they did not write this specific compilation.

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in the German Empire, on March 14, 1879. He later lived in Switzerland and the United States, but his place of birth was Germany. He is most famous for developing the theory of relativity.

Mira Behn, born Madeleine Slade, was a British woman who left her home in England to live and work with Mahatma Gandhi. She became one of his most devoted disciples and was given the name 'Mira Behn' by Gandhi himself. She spent many years participating in the Indian independence movement.

Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of the German Empire, was famously called the 'Man of Blood and Iron'. This nickname came from a speech he gave in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. 'Grand Old Man' usually refers to William Gladstone or Dadabhai Naoroji, and 'Man of Destiny' refers to Napoleon.

Aryabhatta was a legendary Indian mathematician and astronomer from the classical age of Indian mathematics and astronomy. He is credited with the invention of zero and calculating the value of pi to a high degree of accuracy. His work, the Aryabhatiya, covers arithmetic, algebra, and trigonometry.

The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru, who wanted to enter the legislative councils to oppose the British from within. Mahatma Gandhi was initially opposed to this strategy, preferring the Non-Cooperation movement and constructive work outside the councils. N.C. Kelkar was also a prominent member of the party.

Kalidas was a classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language. He lived during the Gupta period, likely during the reign of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya). His famous works include 'Shakuntala' and 'Meghaduta'.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1960, making her the first female head of government in the world. Indira Gandhi became India's first female PM in 1966, Golda Meir in Israel in 1969, and Margaret Thatcher in the UK in 1979.

Napoleon Bonaparte was affectionately called 'Le Petit Caporal' (The Little Corporal) by his soldiers. This nickname was given to him early in his career, particularly after the Battle of Lodi, due to his camaraderie with his troops and his relatively short stature for a general. Adolf Hitler was known as the 'Fuhrer'.

Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, was the first European to reach India by sea. He arrived at Calicut on the Malabar Coast in 1498, having sailed around the southern tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope). This discovery opened up the era of global imperialism and trade between Europe and Asia.

Adam Smith, often called the 'Father of Economics', advocated for the theory of laissez-faire in his 1776 book 'The Wealth of Nations'. Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private groups are free from government intervention. Smith argued that an 'invisible hand' would guide the market to efficiency.

Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1984. She was part of an expedition organized by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation. Her achievement made her a national hero and a pioneer for women in adventure sports in India.

Aesop was a legendary Greek fabulist and storyteller, not an Italian author. He is credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. The other pairs are correct: Alberuni was a scholar who wrote in Arabic, Dhyan Chand was a legendary hockey player, and Epicurus was a Greek philosopher.

J.B. Priestley (John Boynton Priestley) was a prolific and well-known British novelist, playwright, and broadcaster. He is best remembered for works like An Inspector Calls.

Shridath Ramphal is a Guyanese diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 1975 to 1990.

Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut, became the first human to journey into outer space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft.

Nargis Dutt was a legendary Indian film actress who was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1980, becoming the first film actress to receive this honor.

Louis Braille invented the Braille system in 1824, which uses raised dots to allow blind or visually impaired people to read and write.

John Maynard Keynes was a British economist whose ideas, known as Keynesian economics, fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics.

Ferdinand Magellan led the expedition that resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although he died in the Philippines during the voyage.

Charles de Gaulle was a French leader (A-3), Fidel Castro was the leader of Cuba (B-1), Vladimir Lenin was a leader in Russia (C-2), and Kemal Ataturk was the founder of modern Turkey (D-4). Option C matches these pairs.

Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement.