GK - Everyday Science

The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

Louis Pasteur conducted famous experiments with swan-neck flasks to disprove spontaneous generation and prove that life comes from pre-existing life.

Elephant tusks are actually elongated second upper incisor teeth.

Leeches produce an anti-coagulant called hirudin in their saliva to keep blood flowing while they feed.

Essential plant nutrients are categorized as macronutrients and micronutrients. Zinc, Copper, and Boron are recognized essential micronutrients, whereas Sodium is generally considered a beneficial element rather than an essential one for most plants.

The term 'Parotene' is likely a typographical error for 'Carotene' or a similar compound, but in the context of these options, it is the only one intended to represent a vitamin-like substance. Pepsin is an enzyme, Keratin is a structural protein, and Progesterone is a hormone.

Neem oil is a well-known natural insect repellent. It contains compounds like azadirachtin that deter mosquitoes and other insects.

Historically, tuberculosis has been one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent globally according to WHO reports. While AIDS and malaria are major health concerns, tuberculosis has consistently caused a higher number of deaths.

Keratin is a fibrous structural protein that makes up the outer layer of human skin, hair, and nails. Carotene is a pigment, progesterone is a steroid hormone, and "Ppsin" appears to be a typo for pepsin (which is also an enzyme/protein, but misspelled here).

Methyl alcohol (methanol) is highly toxic when ingested. It is often illegally added to illicit liquor, and its metabolic breakdown produces formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness or death.

Milk is a rich source of calcium and proteins, and it contains small amounts of potassium. However, it is notoriously poor in iron content.

Carrots are well-known for being rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. They also contain significant amounts of vitamin C and vitamin E compared to the other root vegetables listed.

X-ray technicians are exposed to ionizing radiation, which has the potential to damage DNA and cause mutations. While other professions have risks, ionizing radiation is a direct mutagen.

Vomiting and diarrhea cause significant loss of electrolytes, particularly sodium and chloride, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in the blood.

Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female sand fly.

Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is most commonly caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet, as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.

Vitamin C is found primarily in fruits and vegetables. Eggs are a source of protein, fats, and various vitamins (like B12 and D), but they do not contain vitamin C.

Niacin is Vitamin B3 and Thiamine is Vitamin B1. Both belong to the B-complex group of vitamins.

Bile is produced by the hepatocytes in the liver. It is then stored and concentrated in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine.

Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver sinusoids. They are responsible for phagocytosing old red blood cells and breaking down hemoglobin.

Mesophytes are plants adapted to environments with average moisture and temperature conditions. Xerophytes grow in dry conditions, hydrophytes in water, and halophytes in saline environments.

Gerontology is the scientific study of aging, including the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the aging process.

Sea kelp is a type of seaweed that absorbs minerals from seawater, making it a very rich natural source of iodine.

The Mantoux test (or tuberculin skin test) is a standard diagnostic tool used to screen for tuberculosis infection.