Verbal Ability and Vocabulary Test

The latter part of the sentence 'distinguish between an individual's observable traits and his basic inheritance' - gives the clue for the blank. As we can see from our common sense that to distinguish between these two traits would be a complicated study, hence (4) is the answer.

The clue word in this sentence is 'evident', which provides an explanation to the phrase that precedes it. Thus, the word for the blank must be similar in meaning to 'passionately'. As 'Ardor' means passion, therefore it replaces the blank. Hence, (3) is the answer.

Conversations would be believed only if they possess some degree of truth. 'Verisimilitude' which is applied to literary or artistic representations, suggests a degree of plausibility sufficient to induce audience belief. Thus, it fits our prediction. Hence, (2) is the answer.

Option (1) is the answer as ferret out is to unearth, search out.

'Owes' and 'willed' are the clue words in this sentence. Private collectors of New York had a longing for art that they willed their estates to the museum. Of all these options, 'yen' (craving, longing) fits our prediction, hence, replaces the blank. 'Entreat' is an expression of desire, hence, it would not be suitable. So, (1) is the answer.

'Philistinism' is being pedantry, conventionalism, conformity, which implies that only a conventional would not have respect for literature and arts in present scenario. Hence, option (1) is the answer.

Let's scrutinize each of the above options:
(1) Option (1) is contrary to the passage (last statements - “goals and purpose………… becomes possible” highlights the negative aspect), hence, it is ruled out.
(2) This is the answer.
The passage discusses that our goals have made us slaves of ourselves and we are not able to run away from them. Goals are being discussed in the passage in the negative sense. What the author tries to explain is stated in option (2), hence, it forms the answer.
(3) This is true according to the option but it is very narrow and satisfies the last three sentences of the passage. Hence, (3) is ruled out.
(4) Our jobs (any field) have made us slaves of ourselves. Marketing enterprises narrow down our approach, hence, (4) is also ruled out.

Option (2) is the answer as 'empirical' means relying or based solely on experiment and observation rather than theory.

'Aetiology' is the science of the causes or origins of disease, hence, it is the answer.

Option (1) is in tune with the last statement of the passage, thereby, narrowing down our approach to accountants, which is cited to elaborate on the ethics in finance. Hence, (1) is ruled out. Option (3) is contrary to the passage (“Finance is not … activities” gives the clue), hence, it can be ruled out.
Both options (2) and (4) are true according to the passage, thus let's find out the more appropriate option. 'Immense trust' in (4) is one of its essential characteristics, but it narrows down our approach. Therefore, (2) would be more appropriate as it emphasizes on 'ethics in finance' which is more general and cover the entire field of finance. Hence, (2) is the answer.

As 'synopsis' is a statement giving a brief, general review or summary, therefore, it is the answer.