English Grammar and Vocabulary

'Made from' is used when the material has undergone a significant transformation and no longer resembles its original form. Wheat undergoes extensive processing to become flour - it is ground, refined, and the end product looks and behaves nothing like the original wheat grains. 'Made with' suggests an ingredient combination without transformation.

'That is why' introduces an explanation or reason for a past event or situation. Therefore, it must be followed by a past tense construction. 'I was late' uses the past tense correctly, while 'I am late' is present tense, 'I would late' is grammatically incorrect, and 'I have late' misuses the present perfect tense.

This tests the 'the + comparative...the + comparative' structure indicating correlation. Both clauses should use the same subject ('he') and maintain proper grammatical structure. 'The faster he walked' must be followed by 'the earlier he reached' - both use past tense and the correct comparative form. Option A incorrectly switches to 'you'.

Indirect questions embedded in statements use normal word order (subject-verb), not inverted word order. 'The teacher asked what his name was' follows the correct structure: main clause 'The teacher asked' followed by the indirect question 'what his name was' with subject-verb order. Options A and C incorrectly use question word order.

The 'so...that' construction indicates cause and effect with degree. 'So old' must be followed by 'that' plus a clause explaining the consequence. 'That he cannot walk steadily' correctly completes this structure, explaining the result of his advanced age. Option A ('to walk') would only work with 'too old', not 'so old'.

'Seems' is a present tense verb indicating current perception or observation. Therefore, it must be followed by a present tense clause. 'Something is wrong' matches this requirement. Option A uses past tense 'was', which doesn't align with the present tense 'seems'. Option D ('is being wrong') is grammatically incorrect.

'No sooner' triggers an inversion with past auxiliary 'did' and must be followed by 'than', not 'then'. The correct structure is 'No sooner did X happen than Y happened.' Option C correctly uses 'than' and maintains the tense consistency. Option D uses 'then' which is incorrect with 'no sooner'.

'Handsome' primarily means physically attractive or good-looking in appearance. While it can sometimes describe generous or magnanimous behavior, its most common and direct meaning refers to physical attractiveness. 'Good-looking' directly captures this primary meaning. 'Noble' and 'Gentle' refer to character traits rather than appearance.

A 'rival' is someone who competes with another for the same objective, resource, or position. 'Competitor' directly captures this meaning. While rivals can sometimes be enemies (D), the core definition is about competition, not hostility. A 'partner' (A) suggests cooperation, not competition. A 'claimant' (C) is someone who claims something, which is different from rivalry.

'Recollect' means to recall, remember, or bring back to mind something from the past. It is synonymous with 'remember'. 'Recover' means to get back something lost or to regain health. 'Revive' means to bring back to life or consciousness. 'Memorise' means to commit to memory, which is the opposite process.

Civil describes behavior that is polite, courteous, and well-mannered in social interactions. While formal and sophisticated relate to style, and social relates to society, only polite directly captures the behavioral meaning of civil.

After the verb 'make' when it means to compel or cause someone to do something, we use the bare infinitive (without 'to'). So 'made me study' is correct. 'To study' would be used after 'allow' or 'want,' and 'studying' after 'enjoy' or 'finish.'

Got up is the correct phrasal verb meaning to rise from bed or wake up. Got on means to board transportation, got off means to disembark, and got through means to finish or survive something. The context of starting a journey in the morning clearly points to waking up.

Aid means help, support, or assistance given to someone in need. Disease is unrelated, co-operation involves working together but isn't the same as aid, and super vision is a nonsensical term. Assistance is the direct synonym.

Put out is the phrasal verb that means to extinguish a fire. Put in means to insert or submit, put on means to place on clothing or begin a device, and put off means to postpone. Firefighters work to extinguish fires.

Set up is the correct phrasal verb meaning to establish, organize, or create an official body like a commission. Set out means to begin a journey, set on means to attack or unleash, and neither fits the formal context of creating an investigative commission.

Give in means to yield or surrender under pressure. Give up means to quit or abandon something entirely. 'Gave in' is past tense but grammatically incorrect with 'to,' and put up means to erect or tolerate. The context shows eventual surrender despite bravery.

Looks after means to take care of or be responsible for someone. Look before is incomplete, looks about means to search around, and looks up means to admire someone or find information. A child taking care of a parent fits 'looks after'.

Put on means to dress oneself in clothing or accessories. Put in means to insert or submit, put up with means to tolerate, and put out means to extinguish. The context of wearing a coat for a walk requires 'put on'.

Allow means to give permission or permit something to happen. Seek means to search for, wish means to desire, and accept means to receive willingly. Permit is the direct synonym meaning to give authorization.

Call off means to cancel or abandon something, like a strike. Call on means to visit or request someone to speak, call for means to demand or require, and call at means to stop briefly at a place. Workers ending a strike is calling it off.

Went through is the past tense of go through, meaning to examine or review something carefully. Go through is present tense, go on means to continue, and went on means continued. The past tense context requires 'went through'.

Called on is the correct phrasal verb meaning to visit someone. The sentence 'I called on my friend yesterday' expresses a past visit. Called upon means to formally request someone to do something, called off means to cancel, and called for means to demand or require something.

Got by is the correct phrasal verb meaning to manage or cope, especially in a difficult situation. The sentence 'Though I did not know French, I got by' means the speaker managed despite not knowing the language. Got up means to rise from bed, got back means to return, and got about is not a standard phrasal verb.

Called upon is the correct phrasal verb when formally requesting someone to perform a duty or task. 'The president called upon the leader of the party to form a Ministry' shows a formal request. Called on means to visit, called off means to cancel, and called for means to demand.