Biology - 3

The epithelium of bronchioles changes form pseudostratified columnar to columnar and then to cuboidal in the terminal broncholes.

Cells of liver which act as phagocytes are Kupffer cells.  

Transposons are also called jumping genes as they can jump or transpose to different locations in the genome of a single cell.

 This option is correct because epinasty means downward, differential growth of the upper or adaxial part of a plant organ. Auxin and ethylene are involved in this response.

Auxotrophs require external addition of those components, which they are unable to synthesise.

Schwann cells wrap nerve cell axons in the peripheral nervous system with layers of myelin (a type of plasma membrane that provides electrical insulation).

This option is correct because nictitating membrane is also known as plica semilunaris.

This option is correct because in the presence of ultraviolet rays, rhodopsin breaks down and this process is known as bleaching.

Tranquilizers include barbiturates. Narcotics include codeine and heroin. Stimulants include cocaine and caffeine. Hallucinogens include LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline - NOT amphetamines, which are stimulants.

Delta waves (0.5-4 Hz) are slow brain waves associated with deep sleep and can appear during brain damage or unconsciousness. Alpha waves are relaxed alertness, beta waves are active thinking, theta waves are drowsy/meditative states.

Centrioles and basal bodies have a 9+0 microtubule arrangement - nine triplet microtubules in the outer ring with no central microtubules. The 9+2 arrangement is found in cilia and flagella axonemes.

Basal bodies serve as the organizing centers from which cilia and flagella grow. They contain the 9+0 microtubule structure that templates the 9+2 axoneme. Cell plates, phragmoplasts, and kinetochores have different functions.

In a monohybrid cross, the F2 genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 (1 homozygous dominant: 2 heterozygous: 1 homozygous recessive). There are exactly 2 types of pure homozygous plants - those with both dominant alleles and both recessive alleles.

Monocot roots have exarch (xylem matures from outside inward) and polyarch (many xylem strands) vascular bundles. Monocot stems have endarch bundles, dicot roots have tetrarch (four strands), and dicot stems have collateral bundles.

Passage cells are found in the endodermis of roots (a=t). Complementary cells form lenticels for gas exchange (b=p). Motor cells (bulliform cells) are in the epidermis of monocot leaves and control leaf rolling (c=q). Subsidiary cells are part of the stomatal apparatus (d=r).