Mixed GK

 10 vowels and 40 consonants

The Sikh gurus, particularly Guru Angad Dev Ji, standardized and popularized the Gurmukhi script in the 16th century. They used it for compiling Sikh scriptures and promoting Punjabi literacy. Shah Mohammad (A), Baba Farid (C), and Waris Shah (D) were Punjabi poets but not responsible for popularizing the script.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) was established in Bangalore (now Bengaluru) in 1909 and continues to be located there. It is one of India's premier research institutions. Chennai (A), New Delhi (C), and Kharagpur (D) host IITs but not IISc.

Vitamin D is uniquely synthesized in human skin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This is why it's often called the sunshine vitamin. Vitamins A, B, and C must be obtained from dietary sources as the body cannot produce them from sunlight.

Vitamin A deficiency is the primary cause of night blindness (nyctalopia). Vitamin A is essential for producing rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that enables vision in low-light conditions. Malaria is caused by parasites, scurvy by vitamin C deficiency, and cholera by bacterial infection.

An average adult human has 5 to 6 liters of blood, approximately 7% of body weight. This can range from 4.5 to 5.5 liters in females and 5 to 6 liters in males. 3-4 liters is too low, and 10+ liters is far above normal capacity.

Peepal (Ficus religiosa) uses CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis, allowing it to release oxygen both day and night. Most trees only release oxygen during daylight through regular photosynthesis. Neem, Teak, and Deodar follow normal daytime-only oxygen release patterns.

Damodar is the author of the Punjabi kissa 'Mirza Shiban,' a tragic romance story. Waris Shah wrote 'Heer Ranjha,' Pelu is associated with other kissas, and Qadir Yar (misspelled as Ouadir Yar) wrote 'Puran Bhagat.' This is a specific question about Punjabi literature.

Palak (spinach) leaves are rich in iron, which is why they're often recommended for combating anemia. While spinach also contains other minerals like magnesium and manganese, its high iron content is what makes it nutritionally significant. Phosphorus is found in more diverse foods like dairy and nuts.

The Kalinga Award was instituted by UNESCO in 1952 to recognize outstanding contributions to the popularization of science. It's named after the ancient kingdom of Kalinga (modern Odisha) and is awarded biennially. None of the other organizations listed created this specific award.

Prithvi is India's short-range ballistic missile (150-350 km range). Agni is a long-range missile series (700-5000+ km), Arjun is a battle tank, and Nag is an anti-tank missile. The Prithvi series was developed specifically for tactical short-range strikes.

The Wright brothers made their historic first powered flight on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This 12-second flight covered 120 feet. Neither 1904, 1905, nor 1906 matches this milestone date in aviation history.

Bhai Vir Singh wrote the novel 'Satwant Kaur,' a significant work in Punjabi literature. S. Nanak Singh wrote 'Pavitar Paapi' and other novels, Amrita Pritam wrote 'Pinjar,' and Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid was a different figure. This is a question about Punjabi literary heritage.

The boiling point of water at sea level is 100°C (212°F). This is when water vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. 98.4°F is body temperature, 32°F is freezing, and 212°F is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 100°C, not a separate option. The key is recognizing 100°C as the standard boiling point.

Newton is the SI unit of force, defined as the force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s². Acceleration due to gravity is measured in m/s², velocity in m/s, and momentum in kg·m/s. This is a fundamental unit in physics named after Isaac Newton.

The Quran (Koran) is written in Arabic, as revealed to Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE. Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam. Persian and Urdu developed later, and Pali is associated with Buddhist texts. The original Quran has always been preserved in classical Arabic.

Prof. I.C. Nanda is widely recognized as the father of modern Punjabi drama for his pioneering contributions in the early 20th century. He wrote plays that dealt with social issues and established drama as a serious literary form in Punjabi literature. Balwant Gargi, while also a prominent Punjabi playwright, came later and is not considered the 'father' of the tradition.