Indian Constitution Quiz

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. He is widely recognized as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and played a pivotal role in shaping its fundamental principles and provisions, particularly those related to social justice and equality.

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Crown assumed direct control over India from the East India Company through the Government of India Act 1858. This marked the beginning of the British Raj period, where India was governed directly by the British government rather than through the company's commercial rule.

According to the Indian Constitution, the Council of Ministers is responsible for formulating and implementing both domestic and foreign policies. While the President is the head of the executive, actual policy formulation is done by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) debates and approves policies but does not formulate them.

Agricultural income tax is levied by state governments in India under the Constitution. Income tax and corporation tax are direct taxes under the exclusive jurisdiction of the central government. House tax is a local municipal tax, not a state tax. States have independent taxation powers for certain subjects like agricultural income, land revenue, and state excise duty.

The Right to Strike is not a fundamental right under the Indian Constitution. While workers have the right to form associations and unions, the right to strike is considered a statutory right rather than a fundamental right. The other options - Right to Speech, Right to Religion, and Right to Vocation (profession) - are all explicitly guaranteed as fundamental rights under Articles 19, 25, and 19(1)(g) respectively.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, along with Indian nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. Mahatma Gandhi joined the Congress later and became its leader, while C.F. Andrews was a British friend of India. Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent Congress leader but not a founder.

Foreign citizens in India do not have the right to vote in parliamentary elections - voting rights are exclusively for Indian citizens under Article 326 of the Constitution. However, foreigners do have other fundamental rights like the right to life and liberty (security), right to criticize government policies (free speech), and right to seek justice through courts. Citizenship is the primary criterion for voting rights.

The Lok Sabha holds primary control over government expenditure because Money Bills must originate here (Article 117). While Rajya Sabha can recommend amendments, the Lok Sabha can reject them, giving the directly elected lower house effective financial control.

Indian constitution is federal in nature but unitary by spirit.

The Eighth Schedule lists India's officially recognized national languages. Originally containing 8 languages, it now includes 22 languages including Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu, and others, reflecting India's linguistic diversity.

A surcharge is an additional charge levied on existing taxes for a specific purpose or temporary period. Unlike a cess (which is typically for long-term dedicated purposes), surcharges are temporary revenue-raising measures added to the base tax liability.

The Quit India Movement was launched on August 8, 1942, at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay. Gandhi's 'Do or Die' speech marked this decisive call for immediate British withdrawal, representing the final phase of India's freedom struggle.

The Cabinet system (parliamentary executive) is adopted from the British Constitution. This system features collective responsibility of ministers to the legislature, real executive power vested in the Prime Minister and Council, and the requirement that they enjoy the confidence of the lower house.

As of the current constitutional structure, India has 28 states. The number has evolved through reorganization of states and the formation of new states, with the most recent major changes being the formation of Telangana in 2014 and the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into Union Territories in 2019.

The Preamble was drafted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, based on his 'Objectives Resolution' moved in December 1946. While Dr. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Constitution, the Preamble's philosophy and language reflect Nehru's vision of India's democratic ideals.

The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha (Article 75). This means they must enjoy the confidence of the directly elected lower house, and the Lok Sabha can remove them through a no-confidence motion, ensuring democratic accountability.

The Parliament is authorized to impose reasonable restrictions on Fundamental Rights (Article 13, 19-22, 32). While these rights are fundamental, they are not absolute and can be limited for reasons like public order, decency, morality, and national security, with judicial review available.

The Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24) primarily protects children by prohibiting child labor, trafficking, and forced labor. Article 23 bans trafficking and forced labor, while Article 24 prohibits child labor in factories and hazardous employment below age 14.

Under Article 71, all doubts and disputes arising out of the election of the President are referred to the Supreme Court, whose decision is final. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over presidential election disputes, ensuring constitutional clarity at the highest level.

President of India sends his resignation to Vice President of India and vice-versa.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution were borrowed from Ireland, which had similarly included them in its constitution originating from Spanish models. The framers of the Indian Constitution were heavily influenced by the Irish nationalist movement and the Irish constitutional framework regarding social and economic directives for the government.

According to Article 67 of the Indian Constitution, a person must have completed the age of 35 years to be eligible for election as Vice President of India. This is the same age requirement as for the President. The 30-year age limit applies to Rajya Sabha members, while 25 years applies to Lok Sabha members.