Questions
What is the general idea around which passage 2 revolves?
Answer the question based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Wood was initially the sole heat energy provider. Later coal
energized the western industry and finally came fuels like
petroleum and natural gas to ignite the industrial sector. The
triggered demand of energy has been due to boom in
(5) modern luxuries like kitchen gadgets, air conditioners, heat
pumps and the futuristic electric cars. So, to execute
uninterrupted supply of energy, many coal fired and nuclear
power plants have been set up. Even electric generators work
with turbines to give hydroelectricity. Today electricity stands
(10) distinctively as the most predominant energy provider. The
oiling of kerosene lamps, hearth fires and cool iceboxes all are
outdated. Now townships are planned near waterfalls so that
easy energy can be obtained.
Benjamin Franklin introduced the subject ‘electricity’ and Thomas
(15) Edison brightened human life by inventing the first electric bulb.
The electric charge was produced by the positive charge of
protons and negative charge of electrons, both present in an atom.
Their attraction to each other helps produce electrical charge.
So the universally known principle of the attraction of opposites
(20) helped produce electricity.
Passage 2
Study of magnets acquaints us with the energy field which
surrounds it, within which we feel the force of these magnets.
A bar magnet pulls a piece of iron placed 2 cm away. If the
potency is stronger it can make the iron almost dance to its
(5) tune. Hence, if the attraction occurs, we can derive that the
iron piece falls within the magnetic field. This comprehension
of an energy field was difficult to relate in the past but for
scientists today the concept stands clear that magnetic poles
apply a force within a limit called its field. Even the molecules
(10) of a liquid and air can be magnetized. Electric charge and
magnetic charge both exert their force in a field. This electric
field has both magnitude and direction represented by lines
force or field lines, which begin on positive charges and
terminate on negative charge. If electric energy could be
(15) exploited for human use, can’t magnetic energy be not
similarly used?
- It introduces the concept of charging a piece of iron.
- It relates magnetism to electrical charge and hints at similar use of the former.
- It discusses the technological use of magnetic field.
- It dwells on the possibility of utilization of magnets for deriving energy.
- It introduces the idea of magnetized air.
What is the purpose of passage 1?
Answer the question based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Wood was initially the sole heat energy provider. Later coal
energized the western industry and finally came fuels like
petroleum and natural gas to ignite the industrial sector. The
triggered demand of energy has been due to boom in
(5) modern luxuries like kitchen gadgets, air conditioners, heat
pumps and the futuristic electric cars. So, to execute
uninterrupted supply of energy, many coal fired and nuclear
power plants have been set up. Even electric generators work
with turbines to give hydroelectricity. Today electricity stands
(10) distinctively as the most predominant energy provider. The
oiling of kerosene lamps, hearth fires and cool iceboxes all are
outdated. Now townships are planned near waterfalls so that
easy energy can be obtained.
Benjamin Franklin introduced the subject ‘electricity’ and Thomas
(15) Edison brightened human life by inventing the first electric bulb.
The electric charge was produced by the positive charge of
protons and negative charge of electrons, both present in an atom.
Their attraction to each other helps produce electrical charge.
So the universally known principle of the attraction of opposites
(20) helped produce electricity.
Passage 2
Study of magnets acquaints us with the energy field which
surrounds it, within which we feel the force of these magnets.
A bar magnet pulls a piece of iron placed 2 cm away. If the
potency is stronger it can make the iron almost dance to its
(5) tune. Hence, if the attraction occurs, we can derive that the
iron piece falls within the magnetic field. This comprehension
of an energy field was difficult to relate in the past but for
scientists today the concept stands clear that magnetic poles
apply a force within a limit called its field. Even the molecules
(10) of a liquid and air can be magnetized. Electric charge and
magnetic charge both exert their force in a field. This electric
field has both magnitude and direction represented by lines
force or field lines, which begin on positive charges and
terminate on negative charge. If electric energy could be
(15) exploited for human use, can’t magnetic energy be not
similarly used?
- To elucidate the importance of electricity and the sources that help in power generation.
- To explain how hydroelectricity generation facilitates life.
- To elaborate the production of electrical charge.
- To ponder on the need for energy sources and various means to meet the need.
- To compare the medieval life with wood as chief energy source to the modern life well-illuminated by electricity.
What is the common attribute in both the passages?
Answer the question based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Wood was initially the sole heat energy provider. Later coal
energized the western industry and finally came fuels like
petroleum and natural gas to ignite the industrial sector. The
triggered demand of energy has been due to boom in
(5) modern luxuries like kitchen gadgets, air conditioners, heat
pumps and the futuristic electric cars. So, to execute
uninterrupted supply of energy, many coal fired and nuclear
power plants have been set up. Even electric generators work
with turbines to give hydroelectricity. Today electricity stands
(10) distinctively as the most predominant energy provider. The
oiling of kerosene lamps, hearth fires and cool iceboxes all are
outdated. Now townships are planned near waterfalls so that
easy energy can be obtained.
Benjamin Franklin introduced the subject ‘electricity’ and Thomas
(15) Edison brightened human life by inventing the first electric bulb.
The electric charge was produced by the positive charge of
protons and negative charge of electrons, both present in an atom.
Their attraction to each other helps produce electrical charge.
So the universally known principle of the attraction of opposites
(20) helped produce electricity.
Passage 2
Study of magnets acquaints us with the energy field which
surrounds it, within which we feel the force of these magnets.
A bar magnet pulls a piece of iron placed 2 cm away. If the
potency is stronger it can make the iron almost dance to its
(5) tune. Hence, if the attraction occurs, we can derive that the
iron piece falls within the magnetic field. This comprehension
of an energy field was difficult to relate in the past but for
scientists today the concept stands clear that magnetic poles
apply a force within a limit called its field. Even the molecules
(10) of a liquid and air can be magnetized. Electric charge and
magnetic charge both exert their force in a field. This electric
field has both magnitude and direction represented by lines
force or field lines, which begin on positive charges and
terminate on negative charge. If electric energy could be
(15) exploited for human use, can’t magnetic energy be not
similarly used?
- Both indicate the latest developments in science.
- Both explore the evolution from electric energy to magnetic energy.
- Both forms of charge operate within a limited field.
- Both occur in nature and can be utilized naturally.
What escape do the critics suggest from 'Absurdity'?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Suicide is the easiest way.
- Encounter negativities and reciprocate life.
- Learn to compromise
- Check all negativity in life
- Meditate for a serene mind.
What, according to passage 1, does the term 'Absurdity' stand for?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Confusion of human mind on the absurdity of philosophical thought.
- Lack of animus and rationale makes one lose the perspective on survival.
- God's existence that is vague and open to endless interpretations.
- The void that exists between man and his unfulfilled desires.
- The negativities of human life that are compellingly festal.
All of the following are true about existentialists EXCEPT
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Existentialists did not believe in God and the world is an irrelevant place for them.
- Existentialist approach is the root of 'absurdism'.
- Initially, existentialists were disposed to love for life and cheerfulness.
- Existentialists believed not in personal judgment but in predestiny of a person's path in life.
- Existentialists and absurdists agreed on the irrelevance of life and ultimate destiny being death.
According to Passage 2, what does 'existence precedes essence' (line 17) mean?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- God's existence is dispensable.
- Virtues were first created and then the human race.
- As there was no divinity, human existence anteceded virtue.
- All essence or virtue existed in the human society but a few were unversed.
- Existentialism gave way to the essence of absurdity.
What is the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Both deal with a theistic approach.
- Both contend that absurdity was rooted in existentialism.
- Both deal with the meaninglessness of life.
- Both deal with post World War crisis arising out of loss of sanctity of life.
- Both propagate a life with moral inclination.
What is a major point of difference between passage 1 and passage 2?
Answer the question based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Wood was initially the sole heat energy provider. Later coal
energized the western industry and finally came fuels like
petroleum and natural gas to ignite the industrial sector. The
triggered demand of energy has been due to boom in
(5) modern luxuries like kitchen gadgets, air conditioners, heat
pumps and the futuristic electric cars. So, to execute
uninterrupted supply of energy, many coal fired and nuclear
power plants have been set up. Even electric generators work
with turbines to give hydroelectricity. Today electricity stands
(10) distinctively as the most predominant energy provider. The
oiling of kerosene lamps, hearth fires and cool iceboxes all are
outdated. Now townships are planned near waterfalls so that
easy energy can be obtained.
Benjamin Franklin introduced the subject ‘electricity’ and Thomas
(15) Edison brightened human life by inventing the first electric bulb.
The electric charge was produced by the positive charge of
protons and negative charge of electrons, both present in an atom.
Their attraction to each other helps produce electrical charge.
So the universally known principle of the attraction of opposites
(20) helped produce electricity.
Passage 2
Study of magnets acquaints us with the energy field which
surrounds it, within which we feel the force of these magnets.
A bar magnet pulls a piece of iron placed 2 cm away. If the
potency is stronger it can make the iron almost dance to its
(5) tune. Hence, if the attraction occurs, we can derive that the
iron piece falls within the magnetic field. This comprehension
of an energy field was difficult to relate in the past but for
scientists today the concept stands clear that magnetic poles
apply a force within a limit called its field. Even the molecules
(10) of a liquid and air can be magnetized. Electric charge and
magnetic charge both exert their force in a field. This electric
field has both magnitude and direction represented by lines
force or field lines, which begin on positive charges and
terminate on negative charge. If electric energy could be
(15) exploited for human use, can’t magnetic energy be not
similarly used?
- Passage 1 deals with a form of energy in use; passage 2 with a form of energy that can be used.
- Passage 1 is about electrical charge; passage 2 about mechanical charge.
- Passage 2 deals with attraction; passage 1 with repulsion.
- Passage 1 deals with predominance of electricity in daily life; passage 2 deals with uses of magnetism.
- Passage 1 deals with attraction of opposites; passage 2 with attraction of similarly charged objects.
What is the marked difference between Passage 1 and Passage 2?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Passage 1 recommends end to life as a potent way out of absurdity; Passage 2 states love for life due to free will.
- Passage 1 ascertains love towards divinity; Passage 2 towards human free will and judgment.
- Absurdity slowly turned into existentialism as per Passage 1, but not influenced as per Passage 2.
- Passage 1 relates to rationale unexplained; Passage 2 explains these unexplained facts.
- They cater to the same subject matter.
How can you relate 'cynically optimistic' (line 2) to existentialists, according to passage 2?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Their life's positivity came from their belief in free will and marked individuality.
- Mostly existentialists were insane in their mindless pursuit of optimism.
- They were the cheerful youth with an open mind.
- They believed industriousness to be the cornerstone of optimistic outlook.
- They believed in God and expected him to improve their destiny.
Which of the following can be directly inferred from Passage 1?
Answer the questions based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Absurdity is a conjoining theme to existentialism. It is a
concept which rises with a contrast between two aspects
of human need and the fallacious quietness of the world.
It’s true that mankind survives in a world that is and will
(5) always be inimical and detached towards its requirements.
The universe will never cater to humanity as the latter wants
to. The non believers believe that people create legends or
unrealistic pictures of God to fill this hollowness in an
endeavor to satisfy their faith.
(10) Basically absurdism is not an existentialist outlook. Its
potent idea surfaces around the assumption that everything
must have an intention which could give a reason to survive.
But if every achieved height has a higher aim ahead, what
is the purpose of the one that has been achieved? If all
(15) mankind is a creation of the Almighty then who created HIM?
So, all belief in God remains questionable, and his identity
as absurd. Canaus suggested suicide the best reaction to
absurdity though it was not very effective and potent in result.
Critics support an altogether different philosophy. They
(20) believe that instead of ending a purposeless life one
should learn the art of coping with or retaliating against
this lack of purpose and this should act as a motivation to
mankind to live a life full of free will. Some consider this
philosophy to be haughty because if the purpose of life
(25) cannot be seen distinctly it does not mean that its existence
is challenged.
The absurdist drama’s role was not to dispirit the audience
with adverse feelings but to give them a translucent picture
of actuality so that they could comprehend their own
(30) purpose in life. This theatre came after the Second World
War. Its roots were embedded in existentialism. This form
catered to the rationally inexplicable that is often called
Absurd. This style caught the audience fascination a little
too late because of its illogical approach. The plots often
(35) diverged from the conventional structure and seemed to
compass the same events, probably ending at the same
argument it began with. The colloquy was nit witted and
the scenic background was unacknowledgable.
Passage 2
The existentialists showed undoubted love for life. They
were cynically optimistic because of their inclination to their
material pursuits. They had a centralized disposition,
freedom of will and an attitude of self adjudgement, in
(5) themselves. Sartre, Camus and Beckett all began from this
philosophy but Beckett later took up as an absurdist. He
called this world a mound of meaninglessness giving way
to pessimism.
But the question arises that if life is so meaningless then
(10) why are we striving, why are we not resting ironically in
death. If death is the ultimate motive, why is that we are
undergoing so much stress. Sartre had no belief in deific
element. He registered that no essences existed before
mankind unlike the believers of God who think Almighty
(15) primarily created the essences of the world and then
created the human race. Hence existentialism believed
‘existence precedes essence’. Sartre being a rigid
existentialist, believed the precedence of God’s presence
to be a farce.
(20) This is how existentialism gave way to Absurdity. If
existentialists believe in the absence of God then there is
no purpose or value left, which makes the world an
unworthy, irrelevant, inanimate and vacant place called
absurd. These ideas gained precedence when the society
(25) was facing despondency of World War II. All belief in
sanctity of life had been shattered.
Existentialists agreed that all distress and devastations
make life an ungratified experience. Slowly one loses the
meaning of life. Hence existentialism helps one in his
(30) journey and in scanning the real self and personal meaning
of life. The existentialists did not want any power or beliefs
overpower this motive because these could hamper
individualism and suppress human desire. Existentialists
believe that personal judgment predestined a person’s
(35) fellowship either to an autocrat’s religion or to a secular
free will.
- Absurdism is an existentialist outlook that questions the 'being' of things.
- Mankind survives in an attached and an animated world which caters to its requirements.
- Anti-absurdists believe that a purposeless life should be a motivational factor for a free willed life.
- An absurdist drama's purpose was to show the picture of actuality which would be the generalization for the entire audience.
- The colloquy of an absurdirst drama was interspersed with scenic background that was appreciated by the audience.