MPPMT Zoology

Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Evolutionary displacement of ancestral features to later stages of development in descendant organisms is called paedomorphosis.

Radial symmetry is characteristic of many sedentary (fixed) animals, e.g., coelenterate and Echinodermata.

Deletion is a type of chromosomal mutation in which a section of chromosome is lost, usually during mitosis or meiosis. Unlike some mutations, deletions are not usually reversible or correctable by a suppressor mutation.

The biceps brachii (front of upper arm) and triceps brachii (back of upper arm) are muscles that cross the elbow joint. Biceps brachii flexes the forearm (bends the elbow), while triceps brachii extends the forearm (straightens the elbow). These muscles insert on the radius and ulna bones of the forearm, making them responsible for all forearm movements rather than thigh or shoulder movements.

Mast cells are immune cells that contain granules with histamine and heparin. They are abundant in areolar tissue (a type of loose connective tissue found throughout the body, especially under skin and around blood vessels). Areolar tissue provides a strategic location for mast cells to respond rapidly to pathogens, allergens, and tissue injury by releasing inflammatory mediators.

Demineralization is caused by over-secretion of parathormone and occurs usually due to over growth of parathyroid glands.

Each protein has a specific three-dimensional structure that is maintained by hydrogen bonds. Normal protein functions require the maintenance of this structure.

The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the relationship between allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies in successive generations of a population.

Haltere is one pair knob-like structures protruding from metathorax of dipterus flies (housefly). They are modified hind wings and vibrate rapidly during flight.

Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute in adults. This can be normal in well-trained athletes during rest, but may indicate issues with the heart's electrical conduction system in other individuals. Options A and C incorrectly describe tachycardia (elevated heart rate), not bradycardia.

The distal end of small intestine (ileum) in rabbit is dilated into a small bulb-like sacculus rotundus which leads into the colon of large intestine. The sacculus rotundus has an iliocaecal valve which directs the chyme from ileum only into caecum, and from caecum into the colon.

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that cannot diffuse directly through the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. It requires facilitated diffusion using specific transporter proteins (GLUT proteins) to cross rapidly down its concentration gradient. This process differs from active transport (requires energy) and osmosis (water movement only).

Cretinism in congenital condition due to lack of thyroxine hormone secreted by thyroid gland.

Tay-Sachï؟½s is an inherited disease. It results when a child receives two defective genes, one from each parent.

According to Gause's competitive exclusion principle, competition is most intense between closely related species occupying identical ecological niches. They have overlapping needs for the same limited resources (food, light, space) and similar adaptations, creating direct competition. Closely related species in different niches or unrelated species have reduced competition due to resource partitioning or different adaptations.

IgG is the principal immunoglobulin in human serum. Because it moves across placental barrier, and is important in producing immunity in the infant prior to birth.

Raymond Lindemann formulated the ten percent law of energy transfer in food chains in 1942, stating that only about 10 percent of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.

Ciliary glands are modified sweat glands at border of eyelids and are known as Mollï؟½s glands.

Liquor amnii is the Latin term for amniotic fluid, the protective liquid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. The term literally translates to 'water of the amnion.' Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the brain and spinal cord, while vitreous humor fills the eye cavity.

Snakes mainly respond to earth-borne sound vibrations through the quadrate, although they are also sensitive to low frequency air-borne sound vibrations.

Dietary proteins that contain all 10 essential amino acids are called complete proteins, while that dietary proteins which contain some, but not all, of the essential amino acids are called incomplete proteins. Plant proteins are considered incomplete proteins.

Biological control involves using living organisms like predators, parasites, or pathogens to control pest populations naturally. Genetic engineering involves modifying DNA artificially, while artificial control refers to human-made chemical or mechanical methods.

Bitot's spots are triangular, shiny, grey spots on the conjunctiva seen in vitamin A deficiency.

In human beings a few lethal genes are known which are associated with fatal 'Infantile amourotic idiocy' disease, and is caused by recessive allele in homozygous condition.