General Awareness

Firestone is a well-known American brand specializing in tires and tubes for automobiles. Founded by Harvey Firestone in 1900, it became a major tire manufacturer and is now part of Bridgestone Corporation.

The UK, France, and China (PRC) have all exercised their veto power in the UN Security Council at various points. The UK and France have used it frequently, while China has also used veto power on several occasions since replacing the Republic of China.

The UN Security Council has 15 members total - 5 permanent (US, UK, France, Russia, China) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly. The non-permanent seats ensure regional representation.

The President of the UN General Assembly is elected annually by the General Assembly itself and serves a one-year term beginning in September. This rotation ensures representation from different regional groups of member states.

The International Labour Organization (ILO), a specialized agency of the UN, has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva hosts numerous international organizations due to Switzerland's neutrality and diplomatic tradition.

The WHO is a specialized agency of the UN, not one of its six principal organs. The principal organs are: General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council (suspended), International Court of Justice, and Secretariat.

Tungsten is used in electric bulb filaments because it has an extremely high melting point (~3422°C) and low vapor pressure at high temperatures. Copper, iron, and lead would melt or evaporate quickly at the temperatures required for light emission.

The correct chronological order is: Dag Hammarskjoeld (1953-1961), U Thant (1961-1971), Kurt Waldheim (1972-1981), and Javier Perez de Cuellar (1982-1991). These served consecutively as UN Secretary-General.

The boiling point of water is 100°C only at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm or 101.3 kPa). At higher altitudes or lower pressure, water boils at a lower temperature because less energy is needed for water molecules to escape into the gas phase.

Stainless steel is primarily an alloy of iron, chromium, and carbon. Chromium (minimum 10.5%) provides corrosion resistance by forming a protective oxide layer. Nickel is added to some grades (like 304 and 316) for additional properties, but isn't essential to all stainless steels.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major air pollutant from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, industrial processes, and poorly ventilated heating systems. CO is toxic because it binds to hemoglobin more readily than oxygen, causing asphyxiation. While CO2 is a greenhouse gas, CO creates more immediate local air pollution and health hazards.

Prolonged exposure to sounds at or above 120 dB can cause permanent hearing damage and deafness. This level of intensity is comparable to a jet engine at close range. Sounds at 85 dB can cause damage with long-term exposure, but 120 dB is the threshold where immediate damage becomes significant.

Budapest is the capital and largest city of Hungary. The city was formed in 1873 by merging Buda (on the west bank of Danube) and Pest (on the east bank). Bogota is the capital of Colombia, Copenhagen of Denmark, and Madrid of Spain.

The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, after the UN Charter was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a majority of other signatories. This date is now celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

Cardiac failure requires immediate CPR to maintain blood circulation to vital organs. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation provides oxygen to the lungs while chest compressions pump blood. External cardiac massage alone is insufficient without rescue breaths, and giving water or full body massage delays critical intervention.

Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate. They cannot travel through vacuum because there are no particles to compress and rarefy. Light and electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum as they are self-propagating oscillating fields.

The 9/11 attacks occurred on September 11, 2001. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 1373 on September 28, 2001, in response to these attacks. While the resolution was passed late September, the question asks when it was passed 'subsequent to' the attacks, and September 2001 is the only option that places it in the correct temporal context.

Boyle's law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume (P ∝ 1/V or PV = constant). This means as pressure increases, volume decreases proportionally, and vice versa. Option A correctly states this inverse relationship with the condition of constant temperature.

Safety fuse wires must melt quickly when excessive current flows to break the circuit and prevent damage. A metal with low melting point ensures the fuse blows at the designed current rating, protecting appliances from overheating or fire. High resistance would cause voltage drop without necessarily melting.

The time period of a simple pendulum is T = 2π√(L/g), where g is acceleration due to gravity. Since g on the moon (1.62 m/s²) is about 1/6th of g on Earth (9.81 m/s²), the time period increases by a factor of √6 ≈ 2.45. Lower gravity means slower oscillation, hence longer period.

Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) is the primary mineral component of vertebrate bones and teeth, providing structural hardness and strength. While bones also contain collagen, the inorganic mineral phase is predominantly calcium phosphate. Sodium chloride is table salt, sugar is organic, and calcium sulfate is gypsum.

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It sublimates directly from solid to gas at -78.5°C at atmospheric pressure, which is why it's called 'dry' - it doesn't melt into liquid first. The term distinguishes it from regular water ice. Sulphur dioxide and other substances are not dry ice.