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Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is the condition caused by Rh factor incompatibility between mother and fetus. When an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, her immune system may produce antibodies that attack fetal red blood cells, causing severe anemia. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder, erythropoiesis is RBC production, and myxedema is a thyroid condition.