Ecology and Earth's Ecosystems

Which of the following statements is correct about biomes?

In which of the following does flow of energy, i.e. transfer of energy, take place?

Which of the following statements are correct?

a. Biotic factors interacting with abiotic factors within a particular habitat are called ecological systems.
b. German zoologist Ernst Haeckel was the first person to use the term ‘ecology’.
c. A habitat is the totality of the physical and chemical factors that constitute the general environment.
d. Ecological interdependence is the existence of different types of ecosystems with varying ranges of environmental conditions.

Which of the following are a part of desert biomes?

a. Hot and dry desert
b. Semi arid desert
c. Coastal desert
d. Cold desert
e. Tropical desert

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. In a grazing food chain, the first level starts with plants as producers and ends with herbivores as consumers at the last level.
b. A detritus food chain is based on the decomposition or breaking down of organic wastes and dead matter derived from the grazing food chain.
c. In a carnivorous food chain, the first level starts with carnivores as consumers and ends with top carnivores at the last level.

Temperate grasslands found in parts of Eurasia and North America are also called

All of the following are components of marine ecosystem, except

a. Oceans
b. Estuaries
c. Coral reefs
d. Bogs
e. Marshes

Match the following biomes with the type of soil:

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. In the gaseous cycle, the main reservoir of nutrients is the atmosphere and the ocean.
b. In the sedimentary cycle, the main reservoir is the soil and the sedimentary and other rocks of Earth’s crust.
c. These biogeochemical cycles are largely energised by solar insolation.

The carbon cycle is mainly the conversion of carbon dioxide, which is initiated by the fixation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. Mineral elements required by organisms occur as salts dissolved in lakes, streams and seas.
b. They come directly from the Earth’s crust by weathering, where the soluble salts enter the biogeological cycle.
c. After the death of living organisms, the minerals are returned to the soil and water through decomposition and flow.

Nitrogen can only be used after it is fixed. Which of the following can fix nitrogen?

a. Soil microorganisms and associated plant roots
b. Lightning and cosmic radiation
c. Some marine animals
d. Green plants

India has many different types of biomes due to its varied features. However, it has mainly porous soil with thin layer of humus and warm, hot climate and 500-1,250 mm rainfall. Which sub-type biome has these features?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. Carbon is an essential constituent of different organic compounds, such as amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins, vitamins and pigments.
b. Only a few types of organisms, like certain species of soil bacteria and blue green algae, are capable of utilising carbon directly in its gaseous form.
c. Carbohydrates that are decomposed by microorganisms, then get oxidised into carbon dioxide and are returned to the atmosphere.

Which of the following can disturb ecological balance of a biome?

a. Human interference
b. Succession due to competition between existing species
c. Natural hazards
d. Introduction of a new species