GK (Computer 5)

In secure IT environments, PCs have standard, installed, and licensed applications that are approved by the organization. Unauthorized applications are prohibited because they may pose security risks, violate software licensing, or compromise system integrity. This is a fundamental IT security policy.

In programming, a function is a self-contained module that performs a specific task or computation. Constants are fixed values, type definitions define data structures, and 'parables' is not a programming term. Functions are fundamental building blocks that promote code reusability and organization.

MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) technology was introduced in the 1950s to automate cheque sorting and settlement by reading specially printed magnetic ink characters. EFT, RTGS, and SWIFT came later as electronic payment systems evolved.

Traditional telephone lines (POTS) carry analog voice signals. The sound waves are converted to continuous electrical signals that vary in amplitude and frequency. Digital telephony came later with technologies like ISDN and VoIP. Note option A contains a typo.

Runtime errors occur only during program execution when the computer attempts an invalid operation (like division by zero or accessing invalid memory). Compile-time errors are caught during compilation, and debugging/loading are processes, not error-detection phases.

The question appears to ask about Frame Relay, a WAN technology that operates at the lower two layers of the OSI model (Data Link and Physical layers). However, the question text contains typos ('Frame Ready' instead of 'Frame Relay', 'I x 25' instead of 'X.25'). Frame Relay was designed as a more efficient alternative to X.25 for packet-switched data networks.

A message switcher (or message switch) is a network device that receives incoming messages and determines the correct routing path to forward them to the appropriate destination line or terminal. Front end processors handle protocol conversion, remote concentrators aggregate signals, and 'demur' is irrelevant.

Mainframe architecture uses centralized computing where a powerful mainframe handles all processing, and front-end devices (terminals) are essentially dumb terminals that only handle input and display. Client-server distributes processing, master-slave is a different pattern, and Internet is fully distributed.

Firmware is software that is permanently stored in hardware read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory, providing low-level control for device-specific operations. It bridges hardware and software. 'Cellular program' is not standard terminology, regular software is not hardware-stored, and shareware is a licensing model.

Norton is antivirus software that detects, prevents, and removes computer viruses and other malware, making it the appropriate solution when a virus infects a computer.

Computerization is adopted primarily because technology enables organizations to achieve their business goals more efficiently, effectively, and competitively.

Information is processed data that provides context and meaning, which is essential for making informed decisions in organizations and daily life.

Each computer generation has seen reduced physical size, INCREASED memory/storage capacity, and faster processing speeds - making option B the false statement since capacity actually increases, not decreases.

Telnet is a network protocol that enables remote terminal access, allowing users to log into and control distant computers over a network by providing a command-line interface.

Alan Turing is widely regarded as the father of modern computing for his groundbreaking work on the theoretical foundations of computation, the Turing machine, and artificial intelligence.

WAN (Wide Area Network) covers large geographic areas including cities, countries, or continents, connecting multiple LANs and MANs over long distances.

MS-DOS is a single-user operating system designed for personal computers, where only one user can interact with the system at a time.

Optical fiber is a transmission medium (a physical cable that carries data as light signals), not a network itself. Networks like LAN and WAN are systems of interconnected computers.

Both GSM and EDGE use the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure as their fundamental multiple access technology, with EDGE being an enhancement of the GSM standard.