Medical Entrance

Affects 90-95% of people who have diabetes 

It is a chronic systemic disease characterized by either a deficiency of insulin or a decreased ability of the body to use insulin.

Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in blood plasma. High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.

It occurs mainly in children and young adults, and the onset is usually sudden. The deficiency or absence of insulin is due to the destruction of islet cells. The causes are familial tendency and genetic involvement. In many cases antibodies to islet cells are present probably in cells previously damaged by infection.

Christmas disease is also known as haemophilia B.

Insulin is produced by islet cells in the pancreas.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that applies only to women in whom glucose intolerance develops or is first discovered during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes develops in 2-5% of all pregnant women but disappears when the pregnancy is over.

Correct statement. Average cardiac output is 5.3 liter per minute.

The interaction where one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called commensalism.

Filter feeders collect small organisms and particles from the surrounding water. Example: oysters and mussels.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from heart. Arteries carry blood from capillaries to the heart.

Myosin is a principal contractile proteins found in muscle which forms thick filaments in myofibrils of muscle fibers.

Carcinoma refers to malignant tumours of the skin or mucous membrane.

Hormone adiponectin modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and liver.

Brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of mitochondria, which make them brown. They are abundant in newborns and hibernating mammals.

Perilipin protein is involved in the formation of lipid droplets in adipocytes, which inhibits lipolysis by preventing access to the lipase enzymes to the stored triacylglycerols.

Urethra: Duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body
Ureter:  The tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Epiglottis is a thin piece of tissue at the back of the tongue that covers the opening of the larynx and the trachea while swallowing.
Glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

Activity of hormone sensitive lipase is inhibited by insulin, reducing the release of glycerol and fatty acids.

Familial hypercholesterolemia results in defective apoB-100, E LDL receptor, a genetic condition that increases blood LDL cholesterol level.