Verbal Analogy

This is an analogy question. Vitro is a prefix relating to glass (as in 'vitroceramic'). Similarly, Ligno is a prefix relating to wood (from 'lignin', the organic polymer in wood). Just as vitro-glass combinations involve glass, ligno-wood combinations involve wood.

Hindalium is an alloy similar to how brass is an alloy. Hindalium is primarily aluminium-based with other metals, while brass is primarily copper-based with zinc. So if Hindalium relates to aluminium, brass relates to its base metal which is copper.

 Mansard is a type of roof and a lattice typically placed in front of a window.

This is an analogy showing relationship between a condition and its associated feeling/symptom. Paranoia is a condition characterized by persecution delusions. Similarly, alienation (note: the option has a typo 'ESTRANGMENT') is a condition associated with estrangement or feeling disconnected. There appears to be a spelling error in the correct option.

A writer uses a pen as their primary tool for creating written work. Similarly, an artist uses a brush as their primary tool for creating visual art. The analogy is tool : profession.

Skin is the outer protective covering of a human/man. Similarly, scales are the outer protective covering of a fish. The analogy is outer covering : animal.

Abduction is a legal term synonymous with kidnapping. Similarly, larceny is the legal term for theft. The analogy pairs formal legal terms with their common equivalents.

A pedant is someone who displays excessive concern with erudition (scholarship/knowledge). A prude is someone who displays excessive concern with modesty. The analogy pairs a characteristic trait with what the person is excessively concerned about.

Hydrophobia is the irrational fear of water. Ichthyophobia is the irrational fear of fish. The analogy follows the phobia naming pattern where the suffix indicates the specific fear object.

A complacent person is characterized by self-satisfaction. An autodidact is characterized by being self-taught. The analogy pairs a trait with its defining characteristic.

Ransom is a payment that typically involves a demand. Payola is a form of bribery involving secret payments. The analogy connects both to illicit payment contexts.

 Corola is the formation of a floral envelope collectively by the petals. Therefore, pedicel is the stem of flowers which collectively can form a stalk.

An epaulette is a decorative shoulder piece worn on military uniforms. A chalice is a type of goblet used in ceremonial contexts. The analogy pairs an item with its descriptive category.

Suave and urbane are synonyms meaning polished and sophisticated. Similarly, highbrow relates to cultivation (of intellectual tastes). The analogy pairs sophisticated traits with their nature.

When paper tears, it rips apart. When cloth frays, its fibers unravel and wear away. The analogy shows the characteristic way different materials deteriorate.

A barrel and a vial are both containers, with a vial being much smaller. Similarly, a book and a pamphlet are both written publications, with a pamphlet being much smaller. The analogy shows size relationships within the same category.

To be loath is to be unwilling, often due to coercion. To be reluctant is to be unwilling, often due to persuasion or hesitation. The analogy pairs synonyms with similar degrees of unwillingness.

A play is performed by an actor, just as a concert is performed by a musician. This is a direct functional relationship: the activity is performed by the person associated with it.

To expend means to use up or spend, while replenish means to fill up again. Similarly, to defect means to abandon or leave, while rejoin means to come back. These are antonym pairs where the second word reverses the action of the first.

Weight is measured in kilograms, just as distance is measured in kilometers. This is a units of measurement analogy: physical quantity → its standard metric unit.

Capricious means unpredictable or changeable, which indicates a lack of reliability. Extemporaneous means spontaneous or unplanned, which indicates a lack of predictability. The relationship is: quality → the negative trait it lacks.

Pain can lead to or result in misery, just as ignorance can lead to or result in confusion. The relationship is cause → effect or condition → negative consequence.

A quart is a larger unit of liquid measure divided into smaller ounces, just as a yard is a larger unit of length divided into smaller inches. The relationship is: larger unit → smaller unit it contains.

To remit can mean to cancel or defer payment, just as to forfeit means to surrender or give up a right or possession. The relationship is similar cancellation or relinquishment actions.