Water in the Oceans

Hydration is the process of combining with water it is usually reversible. This is not a part of the hydrological cycle.

The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous exchange of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land surface and subsurface and the organisms. Thus, all of these are involved in the hydrological cycle.

This is incorrect as all are correct statements.
This is the correct answer choice as none of the given statements are incorrect. They are all true statements.

The tides do not effect the temperature of the oceans.

The floors of the oceans are rugged with the world’s largest mountain ranges, deepest trenches and the largest plains. These features are formed like those of the continents, by the factors of tectonic, volcanic and depositional processes. Both these statements are correct.

Atolls are low islands found in the tropical oceans consisting of coral reefs surrounding a central depression.

No, these do not effect the salinity of the oceanic water.

This is the correct answer as all the statements are correct. The temperature-depth profile for the ocean water shows that the temperature decreases with the increasing depth. The boundary region, from where there is a rapid decrease of temperature, is called the thermocline. In the arctic and antarctic circles only one layer of cold water exists, which extends from the surface to deep ocean floor.

A seamount is a mountain with pointed summits, that does not reach the oceans surface and is volcanic in origin.

This is the correct answer. Salinity generally increases with depth and there is a distinct zone called the halocline, where salinity increases sharply.

This is the correct matching. The processes that the ocean undergoes are evaporation and evapotranspiration. The processes that the water in the atmosphere undergoes are condensation and precipitation. The processes that the water from the surface run-off undergoes are stream flow and freshwater storage infiltration.

These are deep valleys, some comparable to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado river. They are sometimes found cutting across the continental shelves and slopes, often extending from the mouths of large rivers. These are considered a minor relief feature. Four major divisions can easily be identified on the ocean floor—(i) the continental shelf, (ii) the continental slope, (iii) the continental rise, (iv) the abyssal plain.
Besides these, there are many associated features—ridges, hills, seamounts, guyots, trenches, canyons, sleeps, fracture zones, island arcs, atolls, coral reefs, submerged volcanoes and sea-scarps.

This is the correct answer. The Siberian shelf in the Arctic Ocean is the largest in the world, stretches to 1,500 km in width.

Deep sea plains are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins. These plains are covered with fine-grained sediments like clay and silt. Both these statements are correct.

The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break. A continental shelf is a major relief feature. This statement is incorrect.

A mid-oceanic ridge is composed of two chains of mountains separated by a large depression. Iceland is a part of a mid oceanic ridge. Both these statements are correct.