GATE Biotechnology

Yes, this is the correct answer. Both are false statements.
Heat-inactivation of serum is done by heating to 56°C for 30 minutes to inactivate complement (a group of proteins present in sera that are part of the immune response).
A nude mouse is a laboratory mouse from a strain with a genetic mutation causing deteriorated or absent thymus. This type of genetic mutation results in an inhibited immune system due to a greatly reduced number of T cells.

Correct answer.
JASPAR is a collection of transcription factor DNA-binding preferences, modelled as matrices.

This is the correct answer.
AUGUSTUS is a program that predicts genes in eukaryotic genomic sequences.
mGene is a computational tool for the genome-wide prediction of protein coding genes from eukaryotic DNA sequences.

Correct answer. Composite database: A database that amalgamates a number of primary sources, using a set of defined criteria that determine the priority of inclusion of the different sources and the level of redundancy retained. OWL is a composite database that amalgamates information from SWISS-PROT, PIR, GenBank and NRL-3D databases.

Yes, this is the correct answer, as both the statements are false.
Synteny refers to gene duplication from a common ancestor. This is the condition in which two or more gene loci are present on the same chromosome. During evolution, rearrangements may cause the loss of synteny, or else it will be retained. Translocations can cause gain of synteny.
In zinc finger proteins, the amino acid residues that coordinate zinc are Cys and His. Zinc fingers coordinate zinc ions with a combination of cysteine and histidine residues. They can be classified by the type and order of these zinc coordinating residues (e.g., Cys2His2, Cys4, and Cys6).

It is correct.
Correct sequence of signal transduction pathway is Hormone (P) → 7 TM receptor (Q) → G protein (R) → cAMP (S) → PKA (T).

Correct answer.
The cryptochrome and the BLUF-proteins use flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as chromophore.

Correct answer. PRINTS and BLOCKS are secondary databases.
Secondary database: A database that contains information derived from primary sequence data, typically in the form of regular expressions (patterns), fingerprints, blocks, profiles or Hidden Markov Models.
PRINTS: Primary source- OWL; Stored Information - Aligned motifs (fingerprints)
BLOCKS: Primary source- PROSITE/PRINTS; Stored Information - Aligned motifs (blocks)

Correct answer.
EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ are primary nucleic acid sequence databases.
Primary database is a database that stores biomolecular sequences of proteins, nucleic acids, etc. and associated annotation information of organism, species, function, etc.

Correct answer. Linoleic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₄CH=CHCH₂CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH, is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. It has two carbon-carbon double bonds in its structure.

It is correct, as Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database and CATH Protein Structure Classification are examples of derived protein structure databases.

Correct answer.
Caprylic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₆COOH, is a saturated fatty acid with an 8-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octanoic acid.
Capric acid, CH₃(CH₂)₈COOH, is a saturated fatty acid with an 10-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name decanoic acid.
Stearic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH, is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid.
Palmitic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH, is a saturated fatty acid with an 16-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name hexadecanoic acid.

Correct answer.
Bacterial speck of tomato is caused by Pseudomonas syringae.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of barley caused by Blumeria graminis.
Citrus canker is a disease affecting Citrus species caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.
Angular leaf spot of cotton is caused by Xanthomonas campestris.

Phrap is a widely used program for DNA sequence assembly and finishing tools from the UW Genome Centre.

Here, all are matched correctly.
Single letter code for glutamine is Q.
Single letter code for lysine is K.
Single letter code for tryptophan is W.
Single letter code for tyrosine is Y.

Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is IUPAC name of proline.

Yes, it is the correct answer. A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
Gram-positive bacteria are generally resistant to complement-mediated lysis because thick peptidoglycan layer prevents insertion of membrane attack complex into the inner membrane.

This is the correct answer. A is correct and R is incorrect.
Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is used as a cryopreservant for mammalian cell cultures to protect cells from ice crystal induced mechanical injury. It protects cells by preventing crystallisation of water.

Correct answer. A is incorrect and R is correct.
PROSITE is a secondary protein sequence database. A secondary database contains information derived from primary sequence data, typically in the form of regular expressions (patterns), fingerprints, blocks, profiles or Hidden Markov Models. Stored information in PROSITE database is regular expressions (patterns) and primary source is SWISS-PROT.

Correct answer. A is correct and R is incorrect.
Hyposecretion of somatotropin hormone (STH) causes Simond’s disease. STH is secreted by anterior lobe of pitutary.