History

In Kalidasa's classic play 'Abhijnana Shakuntalam,' Shiva's trident is called 'Pinaka'. Pinaka is the divine bow/trident of Lord Shiva, which he used to destroy obstacles and protect the righteous. In Hindu mythology, it represents Shiva's power to destroy ignorance and evil.

Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru, founded the town of Kartarpur.

Chandragupta Maurya married the daughter of Seleucus Nicator, the Greek general who controlled territories after Alexander's death. This diplomatic marriage alliance was part of a peace treaty that also involved Seleucus ceding territories in modern-day Afghanistan to Chandragupta, strengthening the Mauryan Empire's northwestern frontier.

The Battle of Plassey was fought on June 23, 1757, between the forces of the British East India Company led by Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. This decisive battle, won through betrayal and diplomacy, marked the beginning of British political control in India and established Company rule in Bengal.

Din-i-Ilahi was the new religious faith founded by Akbar. It is said that this religion had only 18 followers.

Puranas are ancient religious texts of the Hindus and are 18 in number.

Kautilya also called Chanakya was the chief advisor to the king Chandragupta Maurya and is also the author of the book Arthashastra.

Fahien was the Buddhist Chinese pilgrim who visited Indai in 405 A.D. during Chandragupta Vikramaditya's rule. He stayed here for six years during which he wrote in detail about the poiltical, social, religious, economic and general conditions in India at that time.

Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in t5he Battle of Terrain in 1191.

Loed Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy according to which, if the ruler of a protected state died without a natural heir, his state could not pass to an adopted heir. With the help of this doctrine, the Brith annexed the states of Satara, Nagpur, Jhansi, Kolhapur etc.

The East India Company was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, giving it a monopoly on English trade with the East Indies. This marked the beginning of British commercial and later political presence in India. Other options are incorrect as 1500 AD predates the Company's formation by a century, while 1605 AD and 1610 AD are close but not exact.

Kalidas who is the author of several famous plays like Malvikagnimitra, Shakuntala, Raghuvansa, Meghdoot etc is called Shakespeare of India. 

By the Treaty of Srirangapattana, Tipu ceded half of his territories to the British and their allies and paid Rs. 330 lakhs as indemnity. 

Bangladesh officially gained independence from Pakistan on December 16, 1971, after nine months of the Bangladesh Liberation War. This followed Pakistan's surrender to joint Indian-Bangladeshi forces. December 16 is celebrated as Victory Day in Bangladesh. Other dates (17th, 18th, 19th) are simply incorrect.

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from December 28-31, 1885, and was presided over by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (W.C. Banerjee), a prominent lawyer. While A.O. Hume founded the Congress, he was not its first president. Dadabhai Naoroji became president in 1886, and Annie Besant joined later.

The World Theosophical Society was founded by Helena Blavatsky in 1875 at Adyar, Chennai.

Subash Chandra Bose had formed his own army called Indian National Army(INA) to take on the British. He conquered parts of Nepal and Burma and then coined the above slogan to motivate his soldiers to attack Delhi and defeat the British.

In the year 1526, Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat marking the beginning of Mughal rule in India.

Mahatma Gandhi presided over the session of the Indian National Congress held at Belgaum, Karnataka in 1924.

The capital of British India was officially transferred from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 during the reign of King George V, announced at the Delhi Durbar. This was partly done to address Bengal partition grievances and position Delhi as the symbolic center of Indian civilization. Other options (1909, 1910, 1913) are incorrect.

Afonso de Albuquerque (misspelled in option as 'Alfanso') conquered Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate in 1510, establishing it as Portugal's key naval base in Asia. Vasco da Gama had discovered the sea route to India in 1498 but did not conquer Goa. Other options are incorrect - Sir Thomas Roe was a British ambassador, not a conqueror.

The Battle of Haldighati was fought between Mewar's Rana Pratap and Mughal emperor Akbar in 1576.

Mughal emperor Humayun built the city of Dinpanah (meaning 'refuge of the faithful') at the site of present-day Purana Qila in Delhi in the 1530s after his return from exile. This was his attempt to establish a new capital. Other options - Ajmer (already existed), Chausa (site of Humayun's defeat), Daulatabad (built by Muhammad bin Tughlaq) - are incorrect.

When the Indian National Congress passed the Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution at Lahore in December 1929, Lord Irwin (Edward Wood) was the Viceroy of India. This resolution led to the Declaration of Independence on January 26, 1930. Lord Chelmsford preceded Irwin, and other options are from different eras.