Petroleum and Natural Gas

Formation of petroleum does not take place on or inside the earth. It takes place in the sea from the remains of sea plants and animals.

Formation of fossil fuels requires high temperature, high pressure and absence of air/oxygen so that the activity of decomposition is maximized.

Oil refinery and petroleum refinery are the places where petroleum is separated into its constituents. Distillation is the process of separating a mixture of two miscible liquids having a boiling point difference more than 25 k. Crude oil is a mixture of many products having a difference of less than 25 k in the boiling points. Refining is the process by which petroleum is separated into its various constituents by fractional distillation.

 Gold refers to a substance, which is either very costly or has got a high commercial value. Petroleum is called black gold because of its dark brown colour and its great commercial importance. 

Petrol gives off a large amount of energy on burning. This large amount of heat energy is generally not required in homes and so, it is not used as fuel at home. Also, it gives a finish look to the clothes. Therefore, it is used for dry-cleaning purpose.

Petrochemicals are the chemical substances obtained from the refining of petroleum. Diesel, petrol, and bitumen are the substances obtained from petroleum refining. Coal is the fossil fuel formed deep under the earth due to the activity of anaerobic bacteria on dead plants and animals.

Petroleum gas is compressed to be liquefied and is used as an energy source to cook food and for other purposes. Petroleum gas cannot be optimally used in solid or gaseous state and motor fuel is used in automobiles.

These days natural gas is compressed for storage in vessels and is used as a clean fuel in automobiles. This is also known as CNG, or compressed natural gas.

First oil well was drilled in a small town “Makum” located in Assam.

 Storage of any gas is generally done at high pressure so, as to store it efficiently in a closed vessel. Temperature is never raised because high temperature may cause the vessel to burst. 

Natural gas on combustion does not release any harmful gas, also does not leave behind any ash. Being a cleaner and less polluting fuel, it is preferred as a fuel for transport vehicles. 

The most efficient way of supplying a gaseous fuel is always through pipes. That is why natural gas is supplied through a network of pipelines.

Formation of fossil fuels takes place in the absence of oxygen and so, it requires the presence of anaerobic bacteria.

Kerosene oil gives off flame on combustion and therefore, it is used in stoves, lamps or jet aircrafts. Heavy motor vehicles make use of diesel to run.

Petroleum and natural gas are the fossil fuels found in Krishna and Godavari deltas.

 As fossil fuels are in limited amount in nature so, they need to be conserved for future use. We can't even imagine our lives without fossil fuels. Also, they release a lot of harmful gases on burning and cause pollution. 

PCRA is the name of the association made to find out ways and means to conserve petroleum. It refers to Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

PCRA refers to Petroleum Conservation Research Association. It advises to save petrol/diesel and to use it in a judicious way.

 Burning of wood and plastic should be avoided as they can be reused and recycled in various ways. Moreover, their burning results in emission of many harmful gases causing air pollution and global warming. 

PCRA is the name of the association made for finding out ways and means to conserve petroleum. It refers to Petroleum Conservation Research Association. So, it advises people to save fuel by switching off engines when not required, checking wheel pressure, checking pollution from vehicles. Driving at non uniform speed results in wastage as it makes a non judicious use of the fuel.

Global warming is the process of increase in earth's temperature due to an increase in air pollution. One of the major gases responsible for pollution is CO₂. Burning fossil fuels results in huge emissions of CO₂, which causes global warming.

Wind, sun and water are inexhaustible natural resources and are used as alternate sources of energy to conserve fossil fuels. Coal itself is a fossil fuel and therefore, it cannot help in conserving fossil fuels.

Hydrogen gas produced from natural gas is used in the production of urea, which is widely used as a fertiliser. 

The temperature and pressure conditions required for the formation of natural gas are very difficult to be provided in the laboratory. Moreover, it takes a long time to be formed. That is why it cannot be prepared in the laboratory.

Paraffin wax is a chemical preservative, which is used to give a shiny appearance and to preserve a substance.
Fuel oil is used for obtaining energy, lubricating oil for lubrication, bitumen for paving roads, and paraffin wax for candles, vaseline, etc.
It is edible, but not digestible.