Inorganic Chemistry

Potassium phthalimide is a chemical compound of formula C₈H₄KNO₂. If desired, it may be prepared by adding a hot solution of phthalimide to a solution of potassium hydroxide. This compound is a reagent used in the Gabriel synthesis of amines.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a colourless to blue-white salt crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It has a specific gravity of about 1.79, a melting point of approximately 75 °C, and has a saline, cooling taste. It has been used medicinally as a laxative. It has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.

Potassium picrate, or potassium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate, is an organic chemical, a picrate of potassium. It is a reddish yellow or green crystalline material. It is a primary explosive. Anhydrous potassium picrate forms orthorhombic crystals.

Potassium ferrioxalate is a chemical compound with the formula K₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃], where iron is in the +3 oxidation state. It is an octahedral transition metal complex in which three bidentate oxalate ions are bound to an iron center. Crystals of the trihydrated form of the complex, K₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃]·3H₂O, are emerald green in colour. Potassium ferrioxalate is used in chemical actinometry.

Potassium erythorbate (C₆H₇KO₆) is a food additive. Chemically, it is the potassium salt of erythorbic acid. As an antioxidant structurally related to vitamin C, it helps to improve flavour stability and prevents the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Potassium sulphide is an inorganic compound with the formula K₂S. Potassium sulphides are formed when black powder is burned and are important intermediates in many pyrotechnic effects, such as senko hanabi and some glitter formulations.

Lithium tetrachloroaluminate is an inorganic compound, a tetrachloroaluminate of lithium, with the formula LiAlCl₄. Solution of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in thionyl chloride is the liquid cathode and electrolyte of some lithium batteries, e.g. lithium-thionyl chloride cell.

Potassium lauryl sulphate (KC₁₂H₂₅SO₄), is very much similar to sodium lauryl sulphate. Mud soaps are the terms often associated with this detergent. It has a better cleansing action indicated by the presence of potassium ion.

Lithium chloride is produced by treatment of lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. Lithium chloride is mainly used for the production of lithium metal by electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 600 °C. LiCl is also used as a brazing flux for aluminium in automobile parts. It is used as a desiccant for drying air streams.

Lithium citrate (Li₃C₆H₅O₇) is a chemical compound of lithium and citrate that is used as a mood stabilizer in psychiatric treatment of manic states and bipolar disorder.

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in colour, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine. It is used as an electrolyte for high temperature batteries. It is also used for long life batteries as required, for example, by artificial pacemakers. The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.

Lithium orotate, is a salt of orotic acid and lithium. It is generally marketed as dietary supplement used in small doses to treat mental conditions including stress, bipolar disorder, alcoholism, ADHD, ADD, aggression, PTSD, Alzheimer's and to improve memory.

Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiPF₆. This white crystalline powder is used in commercial secondary batteries, an application that exploits its high solubility in nonpolar solvents. Specifically, solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate in propylene carbonate with dimethoxyethane serves as an electrolyte in lithium batteries.

Strontium carbonate (SrCO₃) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder. It occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite.The most common use is as an inexpensive colorant in fireworks. Strontium and its salts emit a brilliant red color in flame.

Strontium oxide or strontia, SrO, is formed when strontium reacts with oxygen. Burning strontium in air results in a mixture of strontium oxide and strontium nitride. About 8% by weight of television picture tube glass is strontium oxide, which has been the major use of strontium since 1970.

Barium chromate is a fine light yellow powder with the formula BaCrO_4. It is an oxidizing agent, and produces a green flame when heated, the result of barium ions. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor to prevent electrochemical corrosion at the joints of dissimilar metals.

Strontium sulphate (SrSO₄) is the sulphate salt of strontium. It is a white crystalline powder and occurs in nature as the mineral celestine. Strontium sulphate is a polymeric material, isostructural with barium sulphate. Crystallized strontium sulphate is utilized by a small group of radiolarian protozoa, called the Acantharea, as a main constituent of their skeleton.

Barium carbonate (BaCO₃), also known as witherite, is a chemical compound used in rat poison, bricks, ceramic glazes and cement. Witherite crystallises in the orthorhombic system. It is widely used in the ceramics industry as an ingredient in glazes. It acts as a flux, a matting and crystallising agent and combines with certain colouring oxides to produce unique colours not easily attainable by other means.

Strontium fluoride, SrF₂, is a stable brittle white crystalline solid. It is used as an optical material for a small range of special applications, for example, as an optical coating on lenses and also as a thermoluminescent dosimeter crystal.

Caesium hydroxide (CsOH) is a chemical compound consisting of an atom of caesium and a hydroxide group (also known as hydroxyl). It is a powerful base. Due to its high reactivity, caesium hydroxide is extremely hygroscopic. It is an anisotropic etchant of silicon, exposing octahedral planes.

Barium fluoride (BaF₂) is a chemical compound of barium and fluorine. It is transparent from the ultraviolet to the infrared, from 150-200 nm to 11-11.5 µm, and can be used as a material to make optical components such as lenses. It is used in windows for infrared spectroscopy, in particular in the field of fuel oil analysis.

Caesium perchlorate ( CsClO_{4 )} forms white hygroscopic crystals, which are soluble in water and ethanol. CsClO₄ is the least soluble of the alkali metal perchlorates (followed by Rb, K, Li, and Na), a property which may be used for separatory purposes and even for gravimetric analysis.

Barium ferrite, BaFe₂O₄ and related ferrite materials are components of magnetic stripe cards.The Fe³⁺ centers, with a high-spin d⁵ configuration, are ferromagnetically coupled. This area of technology is usually considered to be an application of the related fields of materials science and solid state chemistry. It is also used in subwoofer magnets to provide power.

Barium sulphite is the barium salt of sulphurous acid with the chemical formula BaSO₃. It is a white powder which is used in paper manufacturing. Like other barium compounds, it is toxic.

Caesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula CsCl. It is widely used in isopycnic centrifugation for separating various types of DNA. It is a reagent in analytical chemistry, where it is used to identify ions by the colour and morphology of the precipitate.