Paragraph Jumbles

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. The investment in supercrops reflects the government’s intention of ‘doing development differently’.
   A. They have been created through selective breeding of strains with naturally higher levels of certain vitamins and minerals.
   B. And iron-rich pearl millet and zinc-rich wheat and rice are aimed at India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
   C. The crops include vitamin A-rich cassava and maize and iron-rich beans – targeted at the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zambia.
   D. The six new supercrop varieties of staple crops will be distributed to 3.8 million farmers and their families by 2015.
2. The nutrient-loaded crops will contain between 30 and 50 percent of the average daily requirement for vitamin A, zinc and iron.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. There are different ways in which volcanoes are classified.
   A. The difficulty with this is that man has been on the planet for a relatively short period of time and our historical records are rather an inaccurate predictor of volcanic activity as dormant, and even extinct volcanoes have been known to erupt.
   B. This classification is problematical as there is no clear definition of what makes a volcano active, dormant or extinct.
   C. Typically, a volcano is said to be extinct if it has not erupted in historical times or at least since written records began, and it is dormant if it is known to have erupted in historical times, but is now quiet.
   D. Perhaps the most common and certainly the one used by non-specialists is the division of volcanoes into the categories of active, dormant or extinct.
2. This can be exemplified by one of the most notorious episodes in the annals of vulcanology, the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 AD.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. A large number of European towns and cities have made part of their centres car-free since the early 1960s.
   A. In North America, however, where a more commonly used term is pedestrian mall, such areas are still in their infancy.
   B. Most of these zones allow delivery trucks to service the businesses located there in the early morning and street-cleaning vehicles will usually go through these streets after most shops are closed for the night.
   C. These are often accompanied by car parks on the edge of the pedestrianised zone and in the larger cases, park and ride schemes.
   D. Central Copenhagen is one of the largest and oldest examples: the auto-free zone is centred on Strøget, a pedestrian shopping street, which is in fact not a single street, but a series of interconnected avenues, which create a very large auto-free zone. Although it is crossed in places by streets with vehicular traffic.
2. Elsewhere, these do not even exist.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Plato described Atlantis as an island larger than Libya and Asia Minor put together, located in the Atlantic just beyond the Pillars of Hercules — generally assumed to mean the Strait of Gibraltar.
   A. Their armies eventually conquered Africa as far as Egypt, and Europe as far as Tyrrhenia (Etruscan Italy) before being driven back by an Athenian-led alliance.
   B. As the Atlanteans grew powerful, their ethics declined.
   C. It was protected by the god Poseidon, who made his son Atlas king and namesake of the island and the ocean that surrounded it.
   D. Its culture was advanced and it had a constitution suspiciously similar to the one outlined in Plato’s “Republic".
2. Later, by way of divine punishment, the island was beset by earthquakes and floods and sank into a muddy sea.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Extinction lacks a clean defining moment with the question arising whether a taxon is extinct when we cannot find an example anymore or when it somehow ceases to be ecologically important.
   A. Unless there's a plan to rewrite ecological 'rules' wholesale, a successful de-extinction necessarily entails creating an 'invasive' species that can spread to occupy suitable habitat.
   B. The latter merely moved the goalpost, but by many possible versions of that criterion, most 'endangered' species are 'functionally' extinct already.
   C. It may only take a technician and bit of labware to create embryos, but if every other hurdle is cleared, providing habitat for a population is another matter altogether.
   D. So, too are some very rare ones.
2. It is easy to focus on the next step, but the endgame is the mammoth in the room.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the following passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts, namely A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Parents whose children show special interest in a particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's careers.
   A. Another problem is of course money as in many countries, money for training is available from the government for the best young sportsmen and sportswomen only.
   B. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and women?
   C. It is very difficult to explain a young child why he or she has to train for five hours a day, even on the weekend, when most of his or her friends are playing.
   D. For many children, it means starting very young and school work, going out with friends and other interests have to take the second place.
2. If this help cannot be given, it means that it is the parents who have to find the time and the money to support their child's development - and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipments, etc. can all be very expensive.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the following passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts, namely A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. The pineal gland, among other things, regulates the melatonin in the body and when it is overstimulated, like when you stare at a computer screen all day, the melatonin in your body is suppressed and your sleep and rest periods will automatically be more difficult.
   A. So basically, when you stare at a computer screen all day, particularly at night, your body is going to think you are a 90 year old man.
   B. They do not need less sleep, as is commonly thought, but they get less quality sleep because the pineal gland calcifies and less melatonin is produced in the body, resulting in less sleep as well as more age-related diseases such as cancer.
   C. The pineal gland stops functioning well as we age, which is why older people get less sleep.
   D. You would not get into a deep sleep, for instance, or you will wake up at 3 in the morning, anxious about all the things you have to do and the cycle repeats.
2. When you are a 90 year old man, not only is it harder for you to get sleep, but it is harder for you to get basic tasks done, so you have to stay at the computer screen longer.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Silkworms are actually a type of caterpillars that spin silk cocoons around themselves after they turn approximately 1 month old.
   A. The silk that is used in forming these cocoons is actually hardened silkworm saliva that is secreted from the silkworm's mouth along with the silk.
   B. Actually, a small spinneret located on the silkworm's lip is used to excrete the silk that they use to form their cocoon.
   C. At this point, it will then take silkworms approximately 3 days to spin their cocoon around themselves.
   D. Whenever they are finally ready to start spinning their cocoon, they will stop eating any food and then they will turn yellowish.
2. If their threads are disturbed by anything, the silkworm will have to start all over again.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of a passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts, named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Biometric identifiers are often categorised as physiological versus behavioural characteristics.
   A. Since biometric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying identity than token and knowledge-based methods.
   B. More traditional means of identification include token-based systems, such as a driver's license or passport, and knowledge-based systems, such as a password or personal identification number.
   C. Behavioural characteristics are related to the behaviour of a person, including typing rhythm, gait, and voice.
   D. Physiological characteristics are related to the shape of the body, which include fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry and iris recognition.
2. However, the collection of biometric identifiers raises privacy concerns about the ultimate use of this information.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts and named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Danny and Walter are two brothers, who barely get along, even while driving their parents to distraction as their older sister tries to ignore them.
   A. However, with almost every move, new dangers arise as the siblings find themselves learning to cooperate in ways they never expected as they realise what they mean to each other.
   B. Despite their squabbling, the brothers manage to cooperate enough to play an old mechanical board game named Zathura.
   C. Furthermore, the brothers surmise the only way to return home is to finish the game.
   D. However, after their first move, they find that the game has apparently flung them, their sister and their entire house into outer space.
2. At the end, they realize that relationships never end even if you're in space!

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. It is impossible to avoid disagreements howsoever strong the relationship may be.
   A. As it is not possible to avoid every argument, it is important to deal with your differences constructively.
   B. This translates to avoiding personal attacks during arguments or discussions, which can break your trust in each other or remove your feelings of being loved and valued.
   C. To avoid conflicts, couples do not attend to the problems until they become serious in nature.
   D. A good discussion helps to remove the doubts or hard feelings and present different points of view clearly.
2. If one follows this, one can avoid the feeling of being estranged.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. The new age of inquisitiveness in Europe was eventually called the Renaissance, which means “rebirth” in French.
   A. The Renaissance was much more than simply studying the work of ancient scholars.
   B. These ideas, preserved from the ancient past, served as the basis of the Renaissance.
   C. When the Italian cities traded with the Arabs, ideas were exchanged along with goods.
   D. The Renaissance began in northern Italy and then spread through Europe.
2. It influenced painting, sculpture and architecture also.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American brothers, inventors and aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on December 17, 1903.
   A. This method became standard and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds.
   B. In the two years afterwards, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.
   C. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving the flying problem.
   D. The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium.
2. This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of a passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts, named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. The Thames Tunnel is an underwater tunnel that was built beneath the Thames river in London between 1825 and 1843.
   A. However, the tunnel did become a major tourist destination, attracting about two million people a year, each of whom paid a penny to pass under the river.
   B. Although it was a triumph of civil engineering, the Thames Tunnel was not a financial success, with building costs far the exceeding initial estimates.
   C. It is 396 metres long and runs at a depth of 23 metres below the river surface.
   D. It was the first tunnel known to have been constructed successfully underneath a navigable river.
2. The construction of the Thames Tunnel showed that it was indeed possible to build underwater tunnels, despite the previous skepticism of many engineers.

Directions: The first and the last sentences of the passage are numbered 1 and 6, respectively. The rest of the passage is split into four parts named A, B, C and D. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentences and find out which of the following combinations is correct.

1. Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components.
   A. Different components travel at different rates.
   B. The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it.
   C. They all have a stationary phase (a solid or a liquid supported on a solid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas).
   D. All forms of chromatography work on the same principle.
2. In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is a very uniform absorbent paper, while the mobile phase is a suitable liquid solvent or mixture of solvents.