General Knowledge

October 2nd is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India, marking the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It is a national holiday and one of the three national holidays of India along with Republic Day and Independence Day.

Panaji (Panjim) is the capital of Goa, a state on India's west coast known for its beaches and Portuguese heritage. Patna is the capital of Bihar, Dispur is the capital of Assam, and Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh.

Mrs. Indira Gandhi served as Prime Minister of India from 1980 to 1984, making her the PM in 1983. She was assassinated in October 1984. Morarji Desai was PM from 1977-79, V.P. Singh from 1989-90, and Vajpayee had brief terms in 1996 and 1998-2004.

The first automatic telephone exchange in India was established in 1913 in Mumbai (then Bombay). This marked a significant advancement in telecommunications technology during the colonial period.

Kuwait City is the capital of Kuwait, a wealthy Middle Eastern country known for its oil reserves. Amman is the capital of Jordan, Cairo is the capital of Egypt, and Ankara is the capital of Turkey.

Bangladesh was known as East Pakistan from 1947 until 1971, when it gained independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War. West Pakistan is now Pakistan, and the terms East/West India are historically incorrect.

The parliament of Bhutan is called the Tshogdu (also spelled Tsongdu). It consists of the National Assembly and the National Council. Shoora is the Saudi Arabian parliament, Yuan is the Chinese parliament.

PCO stands for Public Call Office, which were public telephone booths widely used in India before mobile phones became common. They provided affordable communication services to the general public.

IPC stands for Indian Penal Code, which is the official criminal code of India. It was drafted in 1860 during the British Raj and covers all substantive aspects of criminal law in India.

William Shakespeare wrote 'King Lear', not 'King Hear'. The question appears to have a typo - it should read 'King Lear'. Shakespeare authored this tragedy around 1605-1606. The other options are Marx (Communist Manifesto), Hardy (novels like Tess), and Milton (Paradise Lost).

History is the study of past events, particularly human affairs. It involves examining written records, artifacts, and other evidence to understand what happened in previous times. The other options are incorrect because history specifically focuses on what has already occurred.

Kalidasa, the celebrated Sanskrit poet of ancient India, wrote 'Raghuvansa,' an epic poem tracing the lineage of the Raghu dynasty. Tulsidas wrote Ramacharitamanas (in Hindi/Awadhi), not Raghuvansa. Ved Vyasa is credited with the Mahabharata.

Hydrology is the scientific study of water's movement, distribution, and quality on Earth. It encompasses the water cycle, groundwater, rivers, and water resources. Botany studies plants, and 'clements' appears to be a typo (likely meant 'elements').

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode rays in Germany. Edison, Colt, and Dove were not involved in X-ray discovery. Röntgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 for this discovery.

Alexander Pope, the 18th-century English poet, wrote 'The proper study of mankind is man' in his 'Essay on Man' (1733-1734). This philosophical poem explores human nature and our place in the universe. Byron and Keats were Romantic poets from a later era.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse in New Delhi. India gained independence in 1947, and Gandhi died the following year. 1949 is when India adopted its Constitution, and 1950 marks the beginning of the Republic.

Coffee is indeed grown in Kerala, primarily in hill regions like Wayanad. However, this question is misleading - Kerala is most famous for rubber, spices (pepper, cardamom), and coconut. Cotton, tea, and bajra are not major Kerala crops (tea is more associated with Assam/Darjeeling, bajra with dry regions).

The Treaty of Amritsar was signed in 1809 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Sikh Empire. It defined the Sutlej River as the boundary between British and Sikh territories. This treaty secured peace for four decades until the Anglo-Sikh Wars.

The African bush elephant is the heaviest land animal, weighing up to 6,000-7,000 kg. While hippos can weigh 1,500-3,000 kg, elephants are significantly heavier. Lions and bears are much smaller. The question should ideally specify 'African bush elephant' rather than just 'elephant'.

C.V. Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman) won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for the Raman Effect - scattering of light. V.S. Naipaul won in Literature, Mother Teresa in Peace. Raman was indeed the first Indian Nobel laureate in Physics.

Kapil Dev, India's legendary fast bowler and 1983 World Cup-winning captain, earned the nickname 'Haryana Hurricane' for his fierce bowling and being from Haryana. 'Tiger of Bengal' usually refers to Sourav Ganguly (though not a standard nickname), and 'Cricket Tiger' is not associated with him.

The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece in 1896, reviving the ancient Greek tradition. Pierre de Coubertin founded the IOC. India, China, and other nations did not host the Olympics until much later (India first participated in 1900).

Pt. Shivkumar Sharma is the legendary santoor player who revolutionized this Kashmiri folk instrument into a classical concert instrument. Hariprasad Chaurasia is associated with flute, Ravi Shankar with sitar, and 'sarood' is a misspelling of sarod (associated with Amjad Ali Khan, Ustad Ali Akbar Khan).

Bengali is the official language of West Bengal as per the Official Languages Act, 1961. Hindi is the official language of several northern states, Urdu has official status in Jammu and Kashmir, and English is an additional official language for central government purposes.