Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

This is the correct answer. The atmosphere is largely transparent to short wave solar radiation. The incoming solar radiation passes through the atmosphere before striking the Earth’s surface. Within the troposphere, water vapour, ozone and other gases absorb much of the near infrared radiation.

This is the correct answer as all statements are correct.

This is the correct answer. The temperature of a placedepends on the insolation received. The insolation varies according to the latitude. Hence, the temperature also varies accordingly.

This is the correct answer as all the given statements about inversion of temperature are correct.

This is the correct answer. Albedo of the Earth is the fraction of solar energy which is in short wave radiation, that is reflected from the Earth back into space.

The process of vertical heating of the atmosphere is known as convection. This is the correct answer.

Equator receives comparatively less insolation than the tropics. This statement is incorrect. Thus, this is the correct answer choice.

This is the correct answer a s statements a and b are correct about isotherms.

This is the correct answer choice. The variation in the solar output does not have great effect on daily weather changes on the surface of the earth. Thus, the distance of earth from the sun has the least affect on the weather changes on the surface of the earth.

The interaction of insolation with the atmosphere and the earth's surface creates heat which is measured in terms of temperature. This is the correct answer choice.

The red colour of the rising and the setting sun, and the blue colour of the sky are the result of scattering of light within the atmosphere. This is the correct answer choice.

This is the correct answer. The heat budget or the heat balance of the earth is the reason why the earth neither warms up nor cools down despite the huge transfer ofheat that takes place.

This is the correct answer as both a and b statements are incorrect. Plank’s law states that hotter a body, the more energy it will radiate and shorter the wavelength of that radiation. Specific heat is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one Celsius.

This is the correct answer as all these factors cause the variations in insolation. The rotation of earth on its axis; the angle of inclination of the sun’s rays; the length of the day; the transparency of the atmosphere

This is the correct answer. Surface inversion causes fog during winter mornings. The heat of the day is radiated off during the night, and by early morning hours, the earth is cooler than the air above. Smoke and dust particles get collected beneath the inversion layer and spread horizontally to fill the lower strata of the atmosphere. Air drainage causes surface inversion, which causes fog.