Photosynthesis

Photolysis is the splitting of water molecules in the presence of sunlight during the process of photoynthesis.

Red algae uses phycobiliproteins to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

This is the chemical formula for chlorohyll 'a'.

The first stable compound in the Calvin cycle is a 3 carbon compound (3-phosphoglyceric acid), hence the cycle is also called the C₃ cycle.

Phosphoenol pyruvic acid absorbs the carbon dioxide in the mesophyll cells and converts it into oxaloacetic acid in the C₄ cycle.

Phloem is a complex permanent tissue that helps in translocating the food prepared by the leaves in the form of sugars, to the entire plant body.

PEP carboxylase catalyzes the carbon dioxide fixation in the C₄ cycle to yield the 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate.

Sunflower is a C₄ plant and is able to photosynthesise in high light intensity and excessive heat. They keep their stomata partially closed and are able to absorb carbon dioxide of as low a concentration as 2ppm. Hence, their productivity is higher than C₃ plants.

Chloroplast is the pigment bearing cell organelle which produces ATP with the help of light energy. Hence, the ATP production in chloroplast is referred to as photophosphorylation.

PS II of light reaction is involved in production of NADPH₂ from NADP. There is photolysis of water in PS II that releases hydrogen ion which goes to ionised NADP to form NADPH₂.

Sunflower is a C₄ plant. It shows Kranz anatomy of leaves, that is the bundle sheath cells are surrounded by the mesophyll cells.

On adding sodium bicarbonate in water, there is an increase in release of carbon dioxide. This in turn increases the rate of photosynthesis.

Photophosphorylation is the formation of ATP in the presence of sunlight in grana.

Pineapple grows under a semi arid region. This plant accumulates carbon dioxide at night by the CAM pathway and use it during the day.

Magnesium ion is found in the centre of porphyrin ring of the chlorophyll molecule.