Verbal Analogy

GEM : TURQUOISE represents a category-to-specific-type relationship - turquoise is a specific type of gem (and is named after its color). Similarly, VIOLET : FLOWER represents a specific type of flower. The other options don't show this relationship: lettuce is a type of plant, not specifically defined by being green; pears are not oranges; magnetta is not a standard stone type; cherries don't define vines.

Both dispprobation and condemn mean the same. To show strong disapproval. In this light, exhortation and urge are similar as they both mean to encourage. Hence, option 4 is correct.

WINE : GRAPES represents a product-to-source-ingredient relationship. Wine is made from grapes. Similarly, VODKA : POTATOES shows vodka is made from potatoes. The other options don't fit: liquor isn't necessarily intoxicating (that's a property, not source); whiskey isn't primarily made from hops (it's grain-based); champagne isn't typically made from raisins; vineyard and winery are related places, not product-source.

Forensic relates to debate in formal argumentation contexts. Just as histrionic (overly theatrical) relates to drama. Both pairs show a domain with an adjective describing its characteristic performance style.

A conduit is a channel that carries water. An artery is a vessel that carries blood. Both represent 'transport mechanism : contents flowing through it'.

Noisome means foul-smelling, and garbage typically has that quality. The relationship is 'offensive quality : object that possesses it'. Similarly, fragrant is a positive quality and incense is fragrant.

Bizarre and exotic are synonyms meaning unusual or strange. Commonplace and routine are synonyms meaning ordinary or usual. The relationship is two synonym pairs with opposite meanings (unusual vs ordinary).

An antimacassar is a protective cloth placed on a sofa headrest. A rug is a covering placed on a floor. Both represent 'protective/ decorative covering : surface it covers'.

The relationship between the lead words is that of risk taker and wage-earner.
The best answer among available options represents the relationship between earnings by risk-taker and earnings by wager.

Notable means famous (neutral/positive), notorious means famous for negative reasons. Both relate to fame but with different connotations. Similarly, philanthropic (charitable/positive) and miserly (stingy/negative) both relate to money but with opposite moral connotations.

An alcove is a specific type of recess in a room. A dome is a specific type of roof. The relationship is 'specific architectural feature : general architectural category'.

Babble is a confused or childish form of talk. Simper is a silly or affected form of smile. The relationship is 'specific characterized version : general action'.

An anachronism is something out of its proper time in chronology. A fallacy is flawed reasoning that violates logic. Both represent 'X that violates system Y : system Y'.

Detritus is debris deposited by glaciers. Silt is sediment deposited by rivers. The relationship is 'deposited material : natural force that deposits it'. Both are geological transport processes.

First is tool for second

Outskirts are the outer edges of a town. A margin is the outer edge of a page. Both represent 'periphery/boundary : defined space or object'.

Morphine is a substance that produces sedation as its primary effect. Similarly, liquor (alcohol) is a substance that sedates. The relationship is 'substance : effect it produces.' Option A is wrong because oil doesn't inherently smear. Option B has 'protects' as a function, not an effect of the substance itself. Option C is a substance-user relationship, not substance-effect. Option E is close but 'soothes' is more about alleviating than the direct sedative effect.

A stickler is someone who insists on precision and therefore opposes or rejects approximation. Similarly, a purist is someone who insists on purity and therefore opposes adulteration. The relationship is 'person who rejects : what they reject.' Option A is person:trait they might embody. Option B is person:concept that may not relate to rejection. Option C is person:activity, not rejection.

Invincible means incapable of being subdued. The relationship is 'adjective meaning incapable of : verb that cannot be applied.' Impervious means incapable of being damaged, so it perfectly parallels the relationship. Option A is not a logical cannot-relationship. Option B doesn't show incapacity. Option C describes separated state, not incapacity. Option E is imprudent:not a cannot-relationship.

A subpoena is a legal order compelling a witness to appear and testify. The relationship is 'official compulsion : person compelled to act.' Conscript is to compel someone to become a soldier through mandatory service. This perfectly parallels the compulsory nature. Options A, B, C are voluntary arrangements. Option D (suborn:judge) is illegal bribery, not official compulsion.

Burlesque is a comic or satirical form of a play. The relationship is 'comic version : serious form.' Doggerel is a comic or crude form of verse (poetry). Option A is two different musical forms. Option B has two poem types but not a comic:serious relationship. Option D is not about artistic forms. Option E are related but both can be serious.

A bodyguard protects a person. The relationship is 'protector : entity protected.' A soldier protects a country. Option A is teacher:student (educational, not protection). Option B is mayor:city (governs, not primarily protects). Option C is police:traffic (regulates, not protects). Option E is secretary:office (administrative support).

An epaulet is a decorative worn on the shoulder. The relationship is 'item : body part worn on.' A medal is worn on the chest. Option B is decoration:uniform (item:item, not body part). Option C is item carried on back, not worn on. Option D is item:storage container. Option E is item:window location.

To muffle is to reduce or diminish sound. The relationship is 'verb : noun it acts on to reduce/diminish.' To assuage is to reduce or diminish grief. Option A is concealing, not reducing. Option C describes harming, not diminishing. Option D is removing, not reducing. Option E is enduring, not reducing.

To burgeon means to grow rapidly or flourish. The relationship is 'basic verb : more intense/specific version of same action.' To palpitate means to beat rapidly or intensely (like the heart). Option A has synonyms, not basic:intense. Option B has different meanings. Option D is different concepts. Option E has typo 'wrot' and means decay, opposite of growth.

A hoax is a deception designed to deceive. The relationship is 'deceptive practice : its primary intent.' A filibuster is a delaying tactic designed to delay. This parallels the means-end relationship. Option A's gimmick might wheedle but that's not its primary intent. Option C's boasting isn't primarily to cajole. Option D and E don't show the means-intent pattern.

Censorship suppresses or controls information. The relationship is 'controlling measure : what it controls/restricts.' Sanitation controls or prevents disease. This shows the same controlling/restricting relationship. Option A is cultivation prevents erosion (opposite). Option B is philanthropy IS generosity. Option C is frugality LIMITS constraint (illogical). Option D is sampling measures (direct action, not control).

Duplicate means to make an exact copy, alter means to change. They are opposites in the context of originality. Similarly, stretch (expand) and shrink (reduce) are opposites regarding size. Option A (greet:ignore) could be opposites but stretch:shrink is more precisely directional opposites. Options B, C, E are not true opposite pairs.

Equivocate means to deliberately avoid giving a clear answer, which is a form of avoiding commitment. Similarly, procrastinate means to delay or postpone action, which is avoiding action itself. Both pairs represent the relationship of avoiding the core concept.