Indian Independence Movement and National Congress

Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre occurred in Amritsar city, Punjab.

Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, hunter committee were appointed by the government of India for investigating and submitting a report on the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre

All three consequences followed the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest, Sir Sankaran Nair resigned from the Viceroy's Executive Council, and the Hunter Committee was appointed to investigate the massacre.

Taraknath Das founded the Indian Independence League in California in 1907 as an early organization dedicated to securing India's freedom from British rule through organizing Indian immigrants in America.

Taraknath Das published 'Free Hindustan' as a revolutionary newspaper advocating for Indian independence. It was one of the earliest nationalist publications circulating among Indian immigrants in North America.

The Rowlatt Act (1919) allowed detention without trial and provoked nationwide protests, culminating in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and directly leading Gandhi to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement as a response to these oppressive measures.

Sohan Singh Bhakna was the founding president of the Hind Association of America (also known as the Ghadar Party) established in 1913 in California, which became a major revolutionary organization fighting for Indian independence.

Lala Hardayal was the principal intellectual founder and driving force behind the Ghadar Movement. As a professor and revolutionary, he provided the ideological leadership and organizational vision that mobilized Indian immigrants against British rule.

The Lucknow Pact (1916) accomplished three things: Congress formally accepted separate electorates for Muslims, Congress and the Muslim League cooperated together, and both parties jointly demanded self-government (swaraj) from the British.

Anushilan Samiti of Dacca was founded by Palin Das in 1902

Damodar Hari and Balkrishna Hari , murdered two notorious British officials Rand and Amherst.

Kesari and Mahratta are the newspapers published by Tilak.

commonweal and New India are the newspapers from Annie Basant

V.D Sarkar founded the Abhinav Bharat society in 1904.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak famously declared 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it' - this became one of the most powerful slogans of the Indian independence movement, encapsulating the demand for complete freedom from British rule.

Nawab Salimullah Khan founded the Muslim league  at Dacca on Dec 30 1906

The 'divide and rule' policy was indeed the fundamental strategy of British administration in India. By exploiting religious and regional divisions, the British effectively prevented unified opposition to their rule, making it the cornerstone of their governance approach.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the Home Rule League in 1916 to advocate for self-rule within the British Empire. While Annie Besant also started a separate Home Rule League around the same time, Tilak is most commonly credited as the primary founder in Indian history questions.

Justice Ranade(founder of Deccan education society)

Tilak referred to Gopal Krishna Gokhale as the 'diamond of India' for his exemplary service to the nation. Gokhale was a mentor to many leaders and known for his moderate, constitutional approach to gaining independence.

Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India when the controversial partition of Bengal was announced in 1905. The partition divided the province along religious lines, sparking massive opposition and eventually leading to its reversal in 1911.

Surat session of congress in 1907

A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885. His intention was to provide a platform for educated Indians to participate in governance and to prevent potential revolutionary movements.

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) in December 1885. This inaugural session marked the beginning of the organized independence movement in India.

W.C. Bonnerjee (Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee) presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He was a prominent lawyer and one of the first Indians to be appointed to the Executive Council of the Governor General.