General Knowledge (Static)

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen gas in 1766. He identified this element as 'inflammable air' during his experiments with acids and metals.

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, specifically by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. It regulates blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose.

A sudden fall in barometric reading indicates approaching stormy weather. Low pressure systems are associated with storms, while high pressure indicates fair weather.

White blood corpuscles (leukocytes) produce antibodies as part of the immune system's defense mechanism. They identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria and viruses.

Field Marshals K.M. Cariappa (first Indian Commander-in-Chief) and S.H.F.J. Manekshaw (1971 War hero) both achieved this highest rank. J.N. Chaudhary and A.S. Vaidya did not.

Bangalore houses Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), India's premier aircraft manufacturing establishment established in 1940. It has produced various aircraft including the Tejas fighter jet and trainer aircraft for the Indian Air Force. The other cities mentioned do not have major aircraft manufacturing facilities.

The Sanchi Stupa was commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE to house the relics of Lord Buddha. It is one of the oldest Buddhist structures in India and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The other rulers mentioned lived in different time periods or built different monuments.

Samudragupta is known as the 'Indian Napoleon' due to his extensive military conquests and expansion of the Gupta Empire across much of the Indian subcontinent. His conquests were documented in the Allahabad Pillar inscription by his court poet Harishena. Like Napoleon, he was a brilliant military strategist who consolidated a vast empire.

Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh in 712 CE, making him the first Muslim invader of the Indian subcontinent. He was sent by the Umayyad Caliphate and defeated Raja Dahir of Sindh. Mahmud of Ghazni came later (11th century), while Babur founded the Mughal Empire in the 16th century.

The Ashtapradhan (Council of Eight Ministers) was the administrative council established by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj to manage the Maratha Empire efficiently. It included ministers like the Peshwa (Prime Minister) and Senapati (Military Commander). This system helped decentralize administration and improve governance.

Angel Falls in Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world with a total height of 979 meters (3,212 feet). It is located in the Canaima National Park and drops from the Auyán-tepui mountain. The other waterfalls mentioned are significant but not the tallest - Tugela is second highest at 948 meters.

Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India' for his pioneering role in India's freedom movement and economic analysis. He was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament and authored 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' explaining the drain theory. His economic nationalism influenced later leaders.

Slate is a metamorphic rock formed from shale, not an igneous rock. Granite, quartz, and feldspar are all igneous rocks formed from cooling magma or lava. Slate is characterized by its foliation and ability to split into thin sheets, making it useful for roofing and blackboards.

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere (0-12 km altitude) where most weather phenomena occur. This layer contains about 75% of the atmosphere's mass and virtually all water vapor, making it responsible for clouds, rain, storms, and temperature changes we experience. Higher layers like stratosphere and ionosphere have different functions.

The Toda tribal people are primarily found in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu. They are a pastoralist community known for their distinctive culture, traditional buffalo herding, and unique conical temples. The Toda language is Dravidian but unrelated to other languages in the region, making them linguistically and culturally significant.

Brazil is the world's leading coffee producer, accounting for about one-third of global coffee production. The country's ideal climate, particularly in the Minas Gerais region, produces both Arabica and Robusta varieties. Other coffee-producing nations include Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia, but Brazil consistently dominates production.

Jog Falls (Gerosoppa Falls) is located in the Shimoga district of Karnataka on the Sharavathi River. It is the second-highest plunge waterfall in India with a drop of 253 meters (830 feet). The falls create four distinct cascades known as Raja, Rani, Roarer, and Rocket, and are a major tourist attraction during the monsoon season.

Gobar gas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily producing methane (50-75%) along with CO2. Methane is the main combustible component that makes biogas useful as fuel.

The term 'Fourth Estate' refers to the press and news media, distinct from the three estates of parliament (clergy, nobility, commoners). It signifies the media's role as a watchdog of democracy.

India follows a parliamentary system where the President is the constitutional head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises executive powers. The President's role is largely ceremonial.

Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, followed by copper and gold. Mercury does conduct electricity but poorly compared to silver. Glass and wood are insulators.

Pittsburgh (USA) is famous for steel production, not cotton. The other combinations are correct: Havana-Cuba for cigars, Venice-Italy for glass, and Manchester-UK for cotton textiles.

The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, presiding over its sessions. The Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha, while the President addresses both houses jointly.

India receives an average annual rainfall of about 105 cm, primarily from the southwest monsoon. This varies widely across regions from <10 cm in Rajasthan to >250 cm in the northeast.

Some medicines are given in the form of capsules made of gelatinous material.