General Awareness

Indian Railways is a Departmental Enterprise of the Government of India, meaning it's directly operated by a government ministry (Ministry of Railways). It's not a joint sector, state government, or public limited company. Option C is correct.

When a bullet is fired vertically upwards, it loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy due to gravity doing negative work. At its highest point, it has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy. Option C is correct.

Emperor Ashoka conquered Kalinga (modern-day Odisha) in 261 BC. This war was a turning point in Ashoka's life and led to his conversion to Buddhism. Option B is historically correct.

Banabhatta was the court poet of Emperor Harshavardhana. He wrote the Harshacharita (biography of Harsha) and Kadambari. Harisena was associated with Samudragupta, Bhasa was a Sanskrit playwright, and Dandin was a Sanskrit scholar. Option B is correct.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is present in chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes carry genetic information. Option B is correct.

Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in 1913 for Literature, specifically for his collection of poems 'Gitanjali.' C.V. Raman was the first Indian Nobel laureate in the sciences (Physics, 1930), but Tagore predates him by 17 years. S. Chandrasekhar won his Nobel much later (1983).

Satyajit Ray, the renowned Bengali filmmaker, directed the documentary 'Dawn to Dusk' on the Golden Temple. While Mira Nair and Shyam Benegal are famous Indian directors, they are not associated with this particular documentary. Shaji Karan is primarily known for Malayalam cinema.

The Lok Sabha can have a maximum of 552 members - 530 elected from states, 20 elected from union territories, and 2 nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community (this provision was abolished in 2020, but the constitutional maximum remains 552).

The term 'cue' is specifically associated with billiards and snooker. A cue is the tapered stick used to strike the cue ball. Chess uses pieces and boards, basketball uses a ball and hoop, and handball is played with hands - none use a cue.

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the properties and behavior of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. While spectacles and colors are related to optics, they are applications rather than the definition itself. Heat is studied in thermodynamics.

Gunnar Myrdal was a famous Swedish economist who won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974. Max Mueller was a German philologist and scholar of ancient India, Macaulay was a British historian and politician, and Francis Drake was an English explorer and privateer - none were economists.

The Burdwan Trophy is associated with weightlifting in India. It is named after Burdwan (Bardhaman) district in West Bengal and is awarded in weightlifting competitions. Cricket has the Ranji Trophy, while swimming and judo have different championship trophies.

The Tehri Dam is built on the Bhagirathi River, which is a major source stream of the Ganges. The project has been controversial due to environmental concerns and displacement of local residents. The Yamuna, Alaknanda, and Ramganga are other Himalayan rivers but not the location of Tehri Dam.

Mandi House is the office of the Director-General of Doordarshan, India's public service broadcaster. It is located in Delhi and serves as the headquarters for Doordarshan's operations. It is not a commercial center, film, or censor board office.

In the Indian PIN code system, the last three digits denote the specific delivery post office within the sorting district. The first three digits represent the sorting district, and the first digit represents the region. This hierarchy helps in efficient mail sorting and delivery.

Amritsar was founded by Guru Ramdas Ji, the fourth Sikh Guru, in 1577. He purchased the land and began construction of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple). Guru Nanak was the first Guru who founded Sikhism, Guru Teg Bahadur was the ninth Guru, and Guru Ravidas was a saint-poet.

Nag is India's third-generation anti-tank guided missile developed by DRDO. It is a fire-and-forget missile with top-attack capabilities. Trishul is a surface-to-air missile, Agni is a ballistic missile series, and Shakti is primarily associated with nuclear tests or tactical missiles.

India's territorial waters extend 12 nautical miles from the baseline, as recognized under international law including the UNCLOS. This provides India exclusive sovereign rights over the waters, seabed, and subsoil within this zone.

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Assam, at the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Project Tiger reserve, known for its rich biodiversity including endangered species like the Bengal tiger and Indian rhinoceros.

Underdevelopment is fundamentally characterized by low per capita real income, which reflects limited economic productivity and purchasing power in an economy. While underdevelopment has multiple dimensions including social indicators, low per capita income is a central economic indicator that distinguishes developing from developed nations.

Durgapur (West Bengal), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), and Rourkela (Odisha) steel plants were established during the Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961), which emphasized heavy industrial development under the leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. This plan focused on building the industrial infrastructure for independent India.

PARAM (Parallel Machine) was the first indigenously built Indian supercomputer, developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in 1991. It marked India's entry into high-performance computing and was developed as part of India's technology self-reliance initiative after US technology denial in the 1980s.

The Toba supervolcano in Indonesia (Sumatra island) contains the world's greatest volcanic crater, approximately 100 km by 30 km in size. It was formed by a massive super-eruption around 74,000 years ago, one of the largest volcanic events in Earth's history. Lake Toba now fills much of this caldera.

The correct matching is: Lepchas are indigenous to Sikkim (IV), Onges are one of the Andaman & Nicobar tribes (III), Kols are primarily found in the Vindhya region of central India (II), and Bhutias are indigenous to Sikkim (I). This matching reflects the geographic distribution of these tribal communities in India.