Landforms and Their Evolution

This is the correct answer, as all are different types of valleys.

During this stage, gradually the valley sides are reduced to lower and lower slopes and divides between drainage basins are likewise lowered until they are almost completely flattened leaving finally, a lowland of faint relief with some low resistant remnants called monadnocks standing out here and there.

A canyon is characterised by steep step-like side slopes. Canyons formed in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks is wider at its top than at its bottom.

This is the correct answer. Very deep and wide meanders can be found cut in hard rocks. Such meanders are called incised or entrenched meanders.

This is the correct answer, meanders if present develop over these broad upland surfaces. These meanders may eventually entrench themselves into the uplands and waterfalls and rapids may exist where local hard rock bodies are exposed.

This statement is incorrect. A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides.Thus, this option is the correct answer.

This is the correct answer,  as all these statements are correct about river terraces.

Alluvial fans are formed when streams flowing from higher levels break into foot slope plains of low gradient.

This is the wrong reason for the formation of river terraces. The terraces may result due to receding water after a peak flow, change in hydrological regime due to climatic changes, tectonic uplift of land and sea level changes in case of rivers closer to the sea. Thus, this is the correct answer choice.

They are found on the convex side of meanders of large rivers and are sediments deposited in a linear fashion by flowing waters along the bank. They are almost uniform in profile and in width and contain mixed sizes of sediments.

This is the correct answer option. All the options 1, 2 and 3 support the statement that meander is a channel pattern.

The karst topography is characterised by erosional and depositional landforms.

Stalactites hang as icicles of different diameters. Normally they are broad at their bases and taper towards the free ends showing up in a variety of forms. These are depositional land forms in lime stone caves.

This is correct. As meanders grow into deep loops, the same may get cut-off due to erosion at the inflection points and are left as ox-bow lakes.

This is the correct answer because glaciers move because of the force of gravity.

This is the correct answer, as all these statements are correct.

This is the correct answer, as all these statements are correct.

This is the correct answer. Fjords are the very deep glacial troughs filled with sea water and making up shorelines in high latitudes.

This is the correct answer, as both these statements are correct.

This is the correct answer. Very coarse materials like boulders and blocks along with some minor fractions of rock debris carried into the melted ice stream in the summer settle in the valley of ice beneath the glacier, and after the ice melts can be found as a sinuous ridge called esker.

Some amount of rock debris small enough to be carried by melt water streams is washed down and deposited. Such glacio-fluvial deposits are called out wash deposits.

This is correct, as all the statements are incorrect.

This is the correct answer,  as both these statements are correct. Drumlins are smooth oval shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till with some masses of gravel and sand. The long axes of drumlins are parallel to the direction of ice movement. The drumlins form due to dumping of rock debris beneath heavily loaded icethrough fissures in the glacier. The stoss end gets blunted due to pushing by moving ice. Drumlins give an indication of direction of glacier movement.

The shallow lakes in deserts are called as playas.