GK (Honours and Awards)

Correct answer is (3). Jnanpith Award is India’s highest honour in the field of literature

The Shankar Puraskar is specifically awarded by the KK Birla Foundation for exceptional contributions to Indian philosophy, culture and art. The foundation also gives Saraswathy Samman and Vyas Samman for literature, while Kalidas Samman (a different award by Madhya Pradesh government) recognizes classical arts. Shankar Puraskar is the correct match for philosophy/culture/art.

The Dhanvantari Award is specifically given for outstanding contributions in the field of Medicine and healthcare. It is named after Dhanvantari, the physician of the gods in Hindu mythology. The other options - Physics, Space Research, and Literature - have their own dedicated awards.

Amnesty International received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for its campaign against torture. The organization was founded in 1961 and has been a leading human rights advocacy group globally. The other years (1917, 1949, 1982) do not correspond to Amnesty International's Nobel Prize.

The Chameli Devi Award is specifically awarded for excellence in journalism. It was instituted in 1990 by the Chameli Devi Jain Trust and recognizes women journalists for their outstanding work. Literature, Medicine, and Cinema have their own dedicated awards in India.

The Saraswathy Samman carries the highest prize money among Indian literary awards at Rs 15 lakh. While the Jnanpith Award is the most prestigious literary award in India, its prize money is lower. Vyas Samman and Kalidas Samman have comparatively lower prize money than Saraswathy Samman.

Rene Sully Prudhomme (the name in option D) was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1901. The French poet was chosen for his literary excellence. Albert Camus and Ernest Hemingway won much later (1950s), while Knut Hamsun won in 1920. Note: option C says 'Knut Hanson' but should be 'Knut Hamsun' - however D remains the correct first winner.

Ashapurna Devi was the first woman to receive the Jnanpith Award in 1976 for her Bengali novel 'Prothom Protisruti'. She was a renowned Bengali writer known for her feminist themes. Mahasweta Devi and Amrita Pritam won later, while Sarojini Naidu, though a prominent figure, did not receive the Jnanpith.

The Nobel Prize for Literature was instituted in 1901, the same year the first prizes were awarded. Alfred Nobel's will established the prizes in 1895, and the first Literature Prize went to Sully Prudhomme in 1901. The other dates (1956, 1972, 1975) are incorrect.

Correct answer is (1).

Linus C. Pauling is the only person to win two unshared Nobel Prizes - Chemistry in 1954 and Peace in 1962. He won the Chemistry Prize for his work on chemical bonds and the Peace Prize for his campaign against nuclear testing. Niels Bohr and Madam Curie won Nobel Prizes but not both Chemistry and Peace (Curie won Physics and Chemistry).

Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in mediating the Russo-Japanese War. He was the first U.S. President to receive a Nobel Prize. Abraham Lincoln and George Washington died before the Nobel Prizes were established. John F. Kennedy never won the Nobel Prize.

Devika Rani was the first recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1969. She was a pioneering actress in Indian cinema and the first recipient of this highest film honor. Dilip Kumar, Nargis Dutt, and Pradip received the award in later years (1994, 2001, and 1999 respectively).

Woodrow Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his role in establishing the League of Nations after World War I. Theodore Roosevelt (1906) was the first U.S. President to win, and Wilson was the second. Thomas Jefferson died long before Nobel Prizes existed. Bill Clinton has not won the Nobel Prize.

Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of India, instituted in 1954. It is awarded for exceptional service in any field of human endeavor. Padma awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri) rank below Bharat Ratna in the hierarchy of Indian civilian honors.

The G. B. Pant Award is conferred upon outstanding parliamentarians for their exemplary performance in Parliament. It was instituted in memory of Govind Ballabh Pant, a prominent freedom fighter and former Home Minister of India.

Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford) became the first African American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. She was recognized for novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, giving life to an essential aspect of American reality. Note: The option spells it as 'Tonny' which is a typographical error for 'Toni'.

Correct answer is (1).

Amartya Sen won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics, including his work on poverty, famine, and human development theory. C. V. Raman won Physics (1930), Har Gobind Khorana won Medicine (1968), and M. S. Swaminathan has not won a Nobel Prize.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) won its first Nobel Peace Prize in 1917 for its humanitarian work during World War I. The ICRC has won the Nobel Peace Prize three times (1917, 1944, and 1963), making it the most-awarded organization.

P. H. Newby won the first Booker Prize in 1969 for his novel 'Something to Answer For'. The Booker Prize, now known as the Booker Prize, was established in 1968 and first awarded in 1969. William Golding won later (1980), as did J. M. Coetzee (1983, 1999) and Peter Carey (1988, 2001).

Correct answer is (3). 

The Jnanpith Award was instituted by Shanti Prasad Jain, who founded the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization in 1944. It is the highest literary award in India, given for outstanding contribution to Indian literature. The award was first given in 1965.

Jean-Paul Sartre actively refused the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, becoming the first person to voluntarily decline the award. He stated that he did not want to be 'institutionalized' and that a writer should not allow themselves to be transformed into an institution. No Nobel Prize laureate has ever refused the prize after accepting it (with two exceptions who declined the award ceremony but kept the prize money).

The Saraswathi Samman was instituted by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any Indian language included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. The award was established in 1991 and carries a cash prize of Rs. 15 lakh.