Honours and Awards

Correct answer is (1).

Julius Nyerere (spelled 'Nerera' in options, likely a typo), the first President of Tanzania, was the inaugural recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize in 1995. He was recognized for his peaceful leadership and promotion of Gandhian values in Africa.

Morarji Desai, former Prime Minister of India, was awarded Pakistan's highest civilian honor Nishan-e-Imtiaz in 1990. This was a rare instance of an Indian leader receiving Pakistan's top award, recognizing his efforts to promote peace between the two nations.

U Thant of Burma (Myanmar) was the first recipient of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1965. He served as UN Secretary-General (1961-1971) and was recognized for his role in promoting international peace. Martin Luther King Jr. received it later in 1966. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan received it in 1967.

The Kalinga Award (officially the Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science) was established by UNESCO in 1952 and is awarded annually to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the popularization of science - making scientific concepts accessible to the general public. It is specifically for science communication and popularization, not scientific research itself, which is why 'science and technology' is the appropriate category.

Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-2012), the legendary Indian sitar maestro, was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 1992. The Polar Music Prize, established by Stig Anderson (manager of ABBA) and often called the 'Nobel Prize of Music,' has been awarded to many international musicians. Ravi Shankar was recognized for introducing Indian classical music to global audiences and his innovative collaborations with Western musicians.

The Arjuna Award was indeed instituted in 1961 by the Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports. Other options (1960, 1965, 1969) are incorrect as the award was specifically established in 1961.

The BD Goenka Award specifically honours excellence in Journalism. It was instituted by the BD Goenka Foundation to recognize outstanding contributions in the field of journalism and media.

G. Sankara Kurup was indeed the first recipient of the Jnanpith Award in 1965 for his Malayalam work 'Odakkuzhal'. The Jnanpith Award is India's highest literary honour.

Param Vir Chakra is India's highest wartime decoration for valour, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy.

The Kalinga Prize is indeed instituted by UNESCO in 1952 to reward exceptional contributions to the popularization of science. The other options are not UNESCO awards - Aryabhatta Award is Indian, and Abdus Salam Prize is for physics.

Ashoka Chakra is India's highest peacetime gallantry award, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. Param Vir Chakra and Mahavir Chakra are wartime gallantry awards.

Harivanshrai Bachchan was the first recipient of the Saraswati Samman in 1991 for his work 'Yaadon ke Kalakar' written in four volumes. The award recognizes outstanding literary work in any Indian language.

CV Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman) was the first scientist to receive the Bharat Ratna in 1954, primarily for his discovery of the Raman Effect. He was also the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize in Science in 1930.

The Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Award was instituted in 1992 to mark the golden jubilee of the Quit India Movement (1942). The award is given for outstanding contribution towards promoting national integration, communal harmony, and peace.

The Golden Panda Award is indeed considered the world's top Environmental Conservation Award. It was established by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to recognize outstanding contributions to environmental conservation and protection.

Vinobha Bhave was the first Indian to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Community Leadership. The award, often called Asia's Nobel Prize, recognizes outstanding contributions in various fields including public service, journalism, and peace.

The Global 500 Award (also known as UNEP Global 500 Roll of Honour) specifically honours contributions in environmental conservation. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme to recognize outstanding environmental achievements.

The Kabir Award is a prestigious literary award instituted by the Government of Madhya Pradesh, named after the 15th-century mystic poet Kabir. The Dhanvantari Award is typically related to medicine, Saraswati Samman is given by the K.K. Birla Foundation, and Arjuna Awards are national sports honors given by the Government of India.

The Gandhi Peace Prize carries the highest prize money among all Indian government awards at ₹1 crore. The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award but does not have a cash prize attached to it. Arjuna Awards are for sporting excellence and Jnanpith Award is for literature, both with lower monetary value.

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, was the first foreigner to receive the Bharat Ratna in 1987. He was a Pashtun independence activist from Pakistan. Winston Churchill, Nelson Mandela, and Benazir Bhutto never received this award.

Nelson Mandela was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1990 for his anti-apartheid struggle and close ties to India. Bernard Shaw and Kofi Annan never received this honor. Mujib-ur-Rahman (Bangladesh founder) is sometimes confused but did not receive Bharat Ratna.

The Academy Awards, commonly known as Oscars, are presented for artistic and technical merit in the film industry. Nobel Prizes are for various fields including peace and science, Magsaysay Awards are for Asian contributions, and Grammy Awards are specifically for music.

Correct answer is (3).