Organic Chemistry Test

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate mixtures. Thin layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide, or cellulose (blotter paper).

The solute refers to the sample components in partition chromatography.

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a type of liquid-liquid chromatography, where both the stationary and mobile phases are liquids. The operating principle of CCC equipment requires a column consisting of an open tube coiled around a bobbin.

Crystallography is an unambiguous method for determining molecular geometry, the proviso being that single crystals of the material must be available and the crystal must be representative of the sample. Highly automated software allows a structure to be determined within hours of obtaining a suitable crystal.

Chiral chromatography involves the separation of stereoisomers.To enable chiral separation to take place, either the mobile phase or the stationary phase must be made chiral, giving differing affinities between the analytes.

Gas chromatography (GC), also known as Gas-Liquid chromatography, (GLC), is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas. Gas chromatography is always carried out in a column which is typically packed or capillary.

Azulene is an organic compound and an isomer of naphthalene. 

Dibenzazepine (iminostilbene) is a chemical compound with two benzene rings fused to an azepine group. Dibenzazepine is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of specific analgesic and antipsychotic agents.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) is a conducting polymer based on 3,4-ethylenedioxylthiophene or EDOT monomer. Advantages of this polymer are optical transparency in its conducting state, high stability, moderate band gap and low redox potential.

A hemicellulose is a heteropolymer present in almost all plant cell walls. It has a random, amorphous structure with little strength. It is easily hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as myriad hemicellulase enzymes.

Trimethylamine is an flammable tertiary amine. It is a product of decomposition of plants and animals. It is the substance mainly responsible for the odour often associated with fouling fish, infection and bad breath. It is also associated with taking large doses of choline and carnitine.

Phenylalanine is an α-amino acid . This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar because of the hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. L-Phenylalanine (LPA) is an electrically neutral amino acid.The codons for L-phenylalanine are UUU and UUC.

Melanin is a pigment that is ubiquitous in nature, being found in most organisms. In animals melanin pigments are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.

An anorectic is a dietary supplement and/or drug which reduces appetite, food consumption, and as a result, causes weight loss to occur.

Xylose is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type, which means that it contains five carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group. It is the precursor to hemicellulose,

Azepane is a saturated heterocycle, containing one nitrogen atom in seven-membered ring. A well known azepane derivative is caprolactam.

Pheomelanin is  found in hair and skin and in  both the lighter-skinned humans and darker skinned humans. Pheomelanin imparts a pink to red hue and, thus is found in particularly large quantities in red hair.

All are used as anti-depressants.

Galactitol is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose.It is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. Galactose itself comes from the metabolism of the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a transparent plastic produced from cane sugar or glucose. It not only resembles conventional petrochemical mass plastics (like PE or PP) in its characteristics, but  can also be processed easily on standard equipment that already exists for the production of conventional plastics.

Lasix is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents one's body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in the urine.