Organic Chemistry Test

Flunixin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), analgesic, and antipyretic used in horses. It is often formulated as the meglumine salt.

Polyvinyl fluoride is mainly used in flammability-lowering coating of airplane interiors and photovoltaic module backsheets. It is also used in raincoats and metal sheeting. Polyvinyl fluoride is a thermoplastic fluoropolymer with the repeating vinyl fluoride unit.

Formic acid is a colourless liquid having a highly pungent and penetrating odor . It is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents and is somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in the venom of bee and ant stings.

γ-Aminobutyric acid is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.

Fumaric acid is found in fumitory bolete mushrooms , lichen and Iceland moss. It is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food. Human skin naturally produces fumaric acid when exposed to sunlight.

Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea and wine. As a food additive it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution.

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide that contains an unusual peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain. It is an antioxidant preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides.

Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. It is not recognised as an essential amino acid but may become conditionally essential in certain situations, including intensive athletic training or certain gastrointestinal disorders.

Guanidine is a crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine. It is used in the manufacture of plastics and explosives. It is found in urine as a normal product of protein metabolism.

Glycidol is an organic compound that contains both epoxide and alcohol functional groups. Being bifunctional it has a variety of industrial uses. The compound is a slightly viscous liquid that is slightly unstable and is not often encountered in pure form.

Hexanes are significant constituents of gasoline. They are all colourless liquids at room temperature with boiling points between 50 and 70 °C and gasoline-like odour. They are widely used as cheap, relatively safe, largely unreactive and easily evaporated non-polar solvents.

Halothane is an inhalational general anesthetic. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. It is the only inhalational anesthetic agent containing a bromine atom.

Cetane is often used as a short-hand for cetane number, a measure of the detonation of diesel fuel. Cetane ignites very easily under compression. For this reason it is assigned a cetane number of 100, and serves as a reference for other fuel mixtures.

Furylfuramide is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative which was widely used as a food preservative. It can cause benign and malignant tumors in the mammary glands, stomachs, esophagi and lungs of rodents of both sexes.

Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications.

Heme S is related to heme B by the having a formyl group at position 2 in place of the 2-vinyl group. Heme S is found in the hemoglobin of marine worms.

Heme B is the most abundant heme, both hemoglobin and myoglobin are examples of oxygen transport proteins that contain heme B. The peroxidase family of enzymes also contain heme B.

n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H₃C(CH₂)₅CH₃ or C₇H₁₆. When used as a test fuel component in antiknock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale.

cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is a colourless oily liquid with an intense grassy-green odour of freshly cut green grass and leaves. It is produced in small amounts by most plants and it acts as an attractant to many predatory insects. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is a very important aroma compound that is used in fruit and vegetable flavors and in perfumes.

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma. It blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs and opens the bronchi.

cis-3-Hexenal is a colourless liquid and an aroma compound with an intense grassy-green odour of freshly cut green grass and leaves. It is one of the major volatile compounds in ripe tomatoes. It is produced in small amounts by most plants and it acts as an attractant to many predatory insects.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base. It is formed from the DNA base cytosine by adding a methyl group and then a hydroxy group. It is important in epigenetics because the hydroxymethyl group on the cytosine can possibly switch a gene on and off.

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon. It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This aromatic liquid is colourless although samples often are pale yellow.

Indole-3-acetic acid is a heterocyclic compound that is a phytohormone called auxin. This colourless solid is native plant compound, potent and the most important auxin. The molecule is derived from indole and containing a carboxymethyl group (acetic acid).

Hydrochlorothiazide is a first-line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height:" 22px;="">