Organic Chemistry: Compounds and Applications

Isoquinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a structural isomer of quinoline. Isoquinoline and quinoline are benzopyridines, which are composed of a benzene ring fused to a pyridine ring.

Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring. It is a colourless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, chlorophyll, porphyrinogens.

A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature.

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon. It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This aromatic liquid is colourless although samples often are pale yellow. The principal industrial use of indene is in the production of indene/coumarone thermoplastic resins.

Dibenzothiophene is the organosulfur compound consisting of two benzene rings fused to a central thiophene ring. It is a colourless solid .This tricyclic heterocycle, and especially its alkyl substituted derivatives, occur widely in heavier fractions of petroleum.

Benzothiazole is an organosulfur compound. It is colourless, slightly viscous liquid. and a derivative of benzothiazole is the light-emitting component of luciferin, found in fireflies.

Trimethadione is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. It is used to treat epileptic conditions that are resistant to other treatments.

Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant. It affects chemicals and nerves in the body that are involved in the cause of seizures and some types of pain.

Yasmin prevents ovulation and also causes changes in  cervical and uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and harder for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus. Yasmin is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy.

Thiazole is a heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen. Thiazole itself is a pale yellow liquid with a pyridine-like odour. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B₁).

Heptacene is an organic compound and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the seventh member of the acene or polyacene family of linear fused benzene rings. This compound has long been pursued by chemists because of its potential interest in electronic applications.

Valtrex is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus so that the body can fight off the infection. Valtrex will not cure herpes, but it can lessen the symptoms of the infection.

Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever.It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Tramadol extended-release is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when treatment is needed round the clock.

Zocor is in a group of drugs called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins. Simvastatin reduces levels of bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL).

Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a colourless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odour. Quinoline is slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents.

Nepetalactone is an organic compound, first isolated from the plant catnip (Nepeta cataria), which acts as a cat attractant. Nepetalactone is bicyclic terpenoid, i.e., it is a ten-carbon compound derived from isoprene with two fused rings, a cyclopentane and a lactone.

Quinones are oxidised derivatives of aromatic compounds and are often readily made from reactive aromatic compounds with electron-donating substituents such as phenols and catechols.Natural or synthetic quinones show a biological or pharmacological activity, some of them show antitumoral activity. Thus it can be excluded from the category of food additives.

An anticaking agent is an additive placed in powdered or granulated materials, such as table salt, to prevent the formation of lumps, easing packaging, transport, and consumption.

A humectant is a hygroscopic substance. When used as a food additive, the humectant has the effect of keeping the foodstuff moist. Humectants are sometimes used as a component of antistatic coatings for plastics. 

Prilosec belongs to a group of drugs called proton pump inhibitors. Omeprazole decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. It is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions caused by excess stomach acid.

Indulines are a series of dyestuffs of blue, bluish-red or black shades, formed by the interaction of para-amino azo compounds with primary monoamines in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid. These are not the insect repellents .

Boniva is in the group of medicines called bisphosphonates. It alters the cycle of bone formation and breakdown in the body. Ibandronate slows down bone loss while increasing bone mass, which may prevent bone fractures.