General Knowledge (Mixed)

Mahavira (Vardhamana) was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He lived in the 6th century BCE and is considered the contemporary of Buddha. Rishabha was the first Tirthankara, while Parsvanatha was the 23rd.

KAMINI (KAlpakkam Mini) is a 30 kWt research reactor at Kalpakkam that uses uranium-233 fuel obtained from thorium irradiation. It achieved criticality in October 1996 and is crucial for India's thorium-based nuclear power program. Purnima and Apsara were earlier reactors at BARC.

The Helms-Burton Act (1996) strengthened the US embargo against Cuba by penalizing foreign companies that traded with Cuba or used property confiscated from US citizens. It aimed to pressure Cuba toward democratization. The act does not primarily target Iran, Iraq, or Libya.

 Option (2) is correct.

A nanometre (nm) is one billionth (10^-9) of a metre. The prefix 'nano' comes from Greek meaning 'dwarf'. It's commonly used to measure wavelengths of visible light (400-700 nm), molecular structures, and features in semiconductor manufacturing.

Gobar gas (biogas) primarily consists of methane (50-75%), which is produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter like cattle dung. Carbon dioxide makes up most of the remainder. The other options are incorrect - acetylene is a different hydrocarbon and lungs are organs.

Jamshedji Tata founded the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore in 1909 through a generous donation. Lord Curzon was Viceroy when it was established but not the founder. Dr. C.V. Raman was a distinguished director and Nobel laureate associated with IISc.

The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body that functions independently of the executive branch. It is not under any ministry - neither Home Affairs nor Law. The Commission reports directly to the President of India and has autonomous powers to conduct free and fair elections.

Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder affecting the brain, specifically causing progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the basal ganglia. It leads to motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The disease does not originate in the liver, pancreas, or prostate gland.

During the Quit India Movement (1942), after the arrest of Congress leaders, an underground movement emerged led by Jayaprakash Narayan, Arun Asaf Ali, and Achyut Patawardhan among others. They coordinated activities from hiding. Option B incorrectly lists leaders from different eras, and Option C names Desai family members not known for underground leadership.

Quarks and Leptons are elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics. Quarks combine to form protons and neutrons, while electrons (a type of lepton) orbit atomic nuclei. They are not celestial bodies, blood constituents, or meteorological phenomena.

Kalpakkam is indeed located in Tamil Nadu and hosts nuclear facilities including Madras Atomic Power Station and the KAMINI reactor. Kota is in Rajasthan, Narora is in Uttar Pradesh, and Tarapur is in Maharashtra - making options A, B, and C incorrectly matched.

Liberty, equality, and fraternity were the core ideals of the French Revolution (1789-1799) and became the national motto of France. These principles inspired democratic movements worldwide. The Bolshevik Revolution emphasized equality (classless society), while the Magna Carta focused on limiting royal power.

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganized Indian state boundaries primarily along linguistic lines, creating states based on language majority regions like Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speakers.

The Fall of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, is considered the seminal event that sparked the French Revolution. The storming of this prison-fortress symbolized the end of royal tyranny.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, established in Hyderabad in 1982 (originally Andhra Pradesh Open University), was India's first open university pioneering distance education.

The first modern census in India was conducted in 1872 by the British colonial administration. While 1901 is often cited as the first complete synchronous census, 1872 marked the first modern attempt at systematic population counting.

The Dayton Agreement (1995) was the peace framework that ended the Bosnian War, establishing the current political structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a single state with two entities.

Mahadevi Verma, one of the four pillars of Chhayavad movement in Hindi literature, wrote 'Yama' - a collection of poetry that explores themes of death, life, and spirituality.

Buxar Fort, famous for the Battle of Buxar (1764), is located on the banks of the Ganga river in Bihar. This battle established British supremacy in Bengal.

The Aswan Dam is located on the Nile River in Egypt. It was built in the 1960s to control flooding, provide irrigation, and generate hydroelectricity.

Isaac Newton developed calculus in the mid-17th century (around the same time as Leibniz independently). His work on fluxions formed the foundation of differential and integral calculus.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the foremost leader who campaigned against sati, leading to its abolition in 1829 through Lord Bentinck's regulation. He founded the Brahmo Samaj to reform Hindu society.

Rukmini Devi Arundale founded Kalakshetra in Chennai in 1936 to preserve and promote classical Indian arts, particularly Bharatanatyam. It became a premier institution for arts education.

The Ninth Five Year Plan covered the period 1997-2002. This plan focused on agricultural growth, infrastructure development, and poverty alleviation in the context of post-liberalization India.