Organisational Behaviour

Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors of individuals.

The behavior of humans fall within a range - some behavior being common, some unusual, some acceptable, and some outside acceptable limits. In organizational behavior, we consider behavior pattern and work habits as the major factors of behavior.

Morale is the spirit, a group has, that makes them want to succeed. It's a sense of well-being that comes from confidence, usefulness, and purpose.

Type A personalities tend to be workaholic.

Attitude means the tendency of a person to react positively or negatively for particular thing. Hence, job involvement is a type of attitude.

Locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He has given the concept of operant conditioning.

Job enrichment means giving more responsibility, e.g. promotion. Hence, vertical expansion means from lower level to higher level of hierarchy.

According to Likert, people oriented managers are more receptive to the welfare of the employees.

Dynamic means changing i.e. without stability the behavior and style of superior changes, according to the situation of the company.

In the grid there are 9 units in X axis (production oriented) and 9 units in Y axis (people oriented)
9 * 9 = 81 positions.

In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the excessive mental stress and discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time. This term is coined by Leon Festinger.

After the formation stage the group undergoes conflict because of role ambiguity, resulting in conflict.

Due to job dissatisfaction, an employee shows this kind of behavior.

Due to continuous stressful situations, burnout occurs resulting in poor performance in the job.