web technology Online Quiz - 32

The [NonAction] attribute prevents a public method in a controller from being invoked by a URL request, even though it's public. [Private] and [Protected] are access modifiers for class members, not MVC-specific attributes. [Internal] limits visibility to the assembly but doesn't prevent URL routing.

Data Annotations provide a declarative way to validate model properties. Required ensures a field isn't empty, Range validates numeric ranges, and StringLength enforces character limits. These are commonly used in MVC models for automatic server and client-side validation.

MVC's separation of concerns creates loose coupling between Model, View, and Controller. The routing engine generates clean, SEO-friendly URLs without file extensions. By organizing code into distinct layers, MVC applications are generally less complex to maintain than monolithic alternatives.

The UrlRoutingModule is an HTTP module that examines incoming requests and matches them against registered route tables. When a match is found, it extracts route data and passes control to the appropriate MvcHandler. Web Forms uses page events; MVC uses a completely different routing pipeline.

Controller action methods can and should be unit tested independently using mocking frameworks like Moq or NSubstitute. You mock the Model/Repository layer to test controller logic in isolation. Model generation is not required: dependency injection and mocking enable complete test coverage of controller behavior.

In ASP.NET MVC, views use the .aspx extension for standard views and .ascx extension for partial views or user controls. The .html extension is not a standard ASP.NET MVC view extension - HTML would be the output format, not the file extension.

ASP.NET MVC 2.0 provides four main action filter interfaces: IAuthorizationFilter (for authorization), IActionFilter (for pre/post action execution), IResultFilter (for pre/post result execution), and IExceptionFilter (for exception handling). All of these interfaces are part of the action filtering framework.

ASP.NET MVC 2.0 works with Visual Studio 2008 SP1 (Service Pack 1 is required for MVC support) and Visual Studio 2010 (which includes MVC 2 out of the box). Standard Visual Studio 2008 without SP1 does not support ASP.NET MVC 2.0.

ASP.NET MVC uses clean URLs without file extensions. Option A shows the standard controller/action pattern. Option C shows the pattern with an input parameter as part of the URL path. Options B and D incorrectly add .aspx extension or use querystring syntax for parameters, which are not standard MVC routing patterns.

Controller action methods must be public (to be accessible via HTTP), should not be static (instance methods are required for context and dependency injection), and can have ref and out parameters. They cannot use generic type parameters directly as part of the method signature in the action invocation context.

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) was introduced as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in November 2006. This version also introduced Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) as part of the same release.

In WCF, the ABCs represent the three core elements needed for communication: Address (where), Binding (how), and Contract (what). Together, these define the service endpoint completely - without any one of these, the endpoint cannot function.

WCF's default instancing mode is PerCall, where a new service object is created for each operation invocation and disposed after the response. This provides better scalability and statelessness unless another mode (PerSession or Single) is explicitly configured.

WCF's default Message Exchange Pattern is Request/Response. Every operation call expects a response from the service, even if it's just an empty acknowledgment. To implement fire-and-forget messaging without waiting for a response, the operation must be explicitly marked with [OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)].

WCF was developed under the code name 'Indigo' at Microsoft. Early documentation, presentations, and community discussions frequently referred to it as 'Indigo' before the official Windows Communication Foundation name was finalized and released.

WCF defines ServiceContract, OperationContract, DataContract, MessageContract, and FaultContract as standard contract types. There is no BehaviourContract in WCF - behaviors are specified using attributes like [ServiceBehavior] and [OperationBehavior], which are not contracts.

FaultContract is used to specify the types of SOAP faults that a service operation can throw to clients. By declaring fault contracts, services document possible error conditions, enabling structured, interoperable error handling that works across different platforms and languages.

DbConnection objects provide a Close() method to properly close the connection and release database resources. Simply nulling the reference doesn't close the connection (it may remain open until garbage collection), and there are no built-in Cleanup or Disconnect methods. Best practice is using 'using' statements or explicitly calling Close()/Dispose().

AcceptChanges is the specific method in DataSet/DataTable that commits all pending changes since the last AcceptChanges call. It updates the RowState of all rows to Unchanged. Update is a DataAdapter method for database synchronization, GetChanges returns pending changes, and Accept is not a valid method.

NewRow() creates a new DataRow object with the schema of the table but does NOT add it to the table's Rows collection - you must call DataTable.Rows.Add() afterward. Add() directly adds to the collection. Read() and ExecuteReader() are data retrieval methods.