Human Diseases (Class XII)

Chronic pancreatitis is a type of exocrinopathy. It is an exocrine disorder that causes extensive damage to the pancreas. It may lead to diabetes.

Coxsackie virus has been associated with type 1 diabetes in some cases. It shares a sequence homology with type 1 diabetes, mellitus peptide.

Type 2 DM is characterised by insulin resistance. It may be combined with a relatively reduced insulin secretion.

African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense or T. brucei and is transmitted by tsetse fly

Jock itch of the groin, caused by tinea cruris, is a fungal infection that affects the skin of genitals, inner thighs and buttocks. Jock itch causes an itchy, red and often ring-shaped rash in these warm and moist areas of the body.

Hepatitis B is acquired through blood to blood contact. Thus, it is not a water borne disease.

The vector for Zika fever is Aedes mosquito. The same mosquito also transmits dengue fever.

Catatonia is a mental disorder. It is a state of neurogenic motor immobility and behavioral abnormality that is manifested by stupor.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is manifested by ascending paralysis. It is also called Landry's ascending paralysis.

Global eradication of yaws in underway. Yaws is a rarely fatal but highly disfiguring disease that is caused by spiral-shaped bacterium (Spirochete) Treponema pallidum pertenue. No cases have been seen in India since 2004 and hopefully, global elimination will be achieved by 2020.

CJD is caused by an infectious agent called prion.

Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic hydatid disease in humans.

Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all, or part of, a third copy of chromosome 21. It was earlier known as Mongoloid idiocy.

This is incorrect. American plague is yellow fever.

S. typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in humans. When the bacterial cells enter epithelial cells lining the intestine, they cause host cell ruffling which temporarily damages the microvilli on the surface of the cell. This causes a rush of white blood cells into the mucosa, which throws off the ratios between absorption and secretion and leads to diarrhoea.