General Studies Test - 12

Ananda Mohan Bose laid the foundation of Federation Hall in 1883 to promote unity among Bengali leaders. The Indian Association, which he co-founded, aimed to create an indestructible unity of Bengal against political division. Savarkar, Gandhi, and Azad were not associated with this specific initiative.

V.D. Savarkar organized the Abhinav Bharat (note spelling: Abhinav Bhart in question) in 1904, a secret revolutionary society. While studying in London, he continued advocating for complete independence through this network. Gandhi believed in non-violence, Azad was in a different phase of his career, and Bose was not involved in this specific society.

Surya Sen (Masterda) led the Chittagong Armory Raid in 1930, aimed at raiding armories to武装 revolutionary fighters. The raid was part of a broader uprising against British colonial rule. Savarkar was imprisoned at Andaman during this period, Gandhi was following non-violent methods, and Azad was not involved in this armed uprising.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (spelled Abdulkalam Azad in question) founded and brought out the newspaper 'Al Hilal' in 1912 to promote Hindu-Muslim unity and nationalism against British rule. It was an influential Urdu publication during the freedom movement. Savarkar and Gandhi were not associated with this specific newspaper, and Bose predates this period.

Mahatma Gandhi gave the 'Do or Die' slogan during the Quit India Movement in August 1942, calling for immediate British withdrawal from India. This was his most militant slogan, representing a shift from previous non-cooperation movements. Savarkar was in a different political space, Azad was not associated with this specific slogan, and Bose was not involved.

Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on 16th October 1905, dividing it along Hindu-Muslim lines for administrative reasons (but widely seen as divide-and-rule policy). This triggered massive protests and the Swadeshi movement. The other dates correspond to different events: 1946 (Direct Action Day), 1939 (Day of Deliverance), 1919 (Jallianwala Bagh).

M.A. Jinnah celebrated December 22, 1939 as the 'Day of Deliverance' to mark the resignation of Congress ministries after they resigned protesting India's forced participation in WWII without consulting provincial governments. This was seen as deliverance from 'Congress oppression'. Other dates: 1946 (Direct Action Day), 1905 (Bengal Partition), 1919 (Rowlatt Act).

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919, when British troops under General Dyer fired on a peaceful gathering, killing hundreds. This event galvanized the freedom movement. Other dates: 1946 (Direct Action Day), 1905 (Bengal Partition), 1939 (Day of Deliverance). The correct date is 13th April 1919.

The Muslim League observed 'Direct Action Day' on August 16, 1946, calling for protests to demand the creation of Pakistan. This day witnessed widespread communal riots, especially in Calcutta (Kolkata). Other dates: 1905 (Bengal Partition), 1939 (Day of Deliverance), 1919 (Jallianwala Bagh).

The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919, giving the British colonial government powers to suppress political activities and detain individuals without trial. This led to nationwide protests and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Other years: 1942 (Quit India), 1925 (other political developments), 1924 (not related to Rowlatt Act).

Mahatma Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (strike) on March 6, 1919, to protest the Rowlatt Act. This was one of the first large-scale protests against the unjust act. The date 6th March 1919 is correct. Other dates: 1946 (Direct Action Day), 1905 (Bengal Partition), 1939 (Day of Deliverance).

The Cripps Mission was sent to India in 1942 during World War II to seek Indian cooperation in the war effort by promising dominion status after the war. The mission failed because its offer did not include immediate independence.

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was founded in 1924. It was a revolutionary organization initially called the Hindustan Republican Association and later reorganized as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.

The Communist Party of India (CPI) was founded in 1925 in Kanpur. It emerged from various communist groups that had formed in the early 1920s and was officially established at its founding conference in December 1925.

The Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1917 by Madan Mohan Malaviya. It was a Hindu nationalist political organization that advocated for Hindu interests and was initially part of the Congress before becoming a separate entity.

The Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in 1926, and Bhagat Singh served as its first secretary. This revolutionary organization aimed to mobilize youth against British rule and promote socialist ideals.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Jai Hind' in 1941. This slogan later became India's national slogan and is still used today to greet people in a patriotic manner. It embodies the spirit of nationalism and freedom struggle.

Mahatma Gandhi said 'My only hope lies in prayer and answer to prayer.' This reflects his deep spiritual approach to the freedom struggle and his belief in the power of prayer and faith as sources of strength and guidance.

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 after resigning from the Indian National Congress due to differences with Gandhi's approach. The party aimed to unite all leftist forces within India for complete independence.

Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886 at Kolkata. He was a prominent leader, one of the founders of the INC, and the first Asian to be elected to the British Parliament.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.' This became a rallying cry for the independence movement and inspired millions to fight for self-rule.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Dilli Chalo' (March to Delhi) in 1944. This was a call to his Indian National Army (INA) to march towards Delhi to liberate India from British rule, symbolizing the determination to achieve independence.

Mahatma Gandhi returned the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1920 as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and British policies. The medal had been awarded to him for his services during the Boer War, but he returned it as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Dadabhai Naoroji was elected President of the Indian National Congress three times: 1886, 1893, and 1906. He was a founding member of the Congress and a key figure in India's early independence movement, known for his economic critique of British rule (Drain Theory).