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Panchtantra is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose. It was composed by Vishnu Sharma, a scholar who reportedly created it to teach the princes of a king practical wisdom and statecraft through stories. The text dates back to around 3rd century BCE and has influenced literature worldwide. R.K. Narayan is a modern Indian English writer (Malgudi Days), while Kalidas is the classical Sanskrit poet and playwright famous for works like Abhignan Shakuntalam and Meghaduta.