One Word Substitution

Option 1 is correct.

Option 3 is correct.

Option 1 is correct.

An otologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the ear, including hearing problems and balance issues. The other options are different medical specialties: neurologists treat the nervous system, surgeons perform operations, and oculists treat eye disorders.

A prosthodontist is a dental specialist who focuses on replacing missing teeth and restoring oral function through dental prosthetics like bridges, dentures, and implants. Osteopaths treat musculoskeletal problems, urologists specialize in the urinary tract, and chiropodists treat foot disorders.

Option 4 is correct.

 A master in any art is often referred to as a maestro.

Option 3 is correct.

A mentor is an experienced and trusted advisor who provides guidance, support, and wisdom to help someone else grow personally or professionally. The term comes from Greek mythology where Mentor was Odysseus' trusted friend who advised Telemachus. A mannequin is a display figure, a goatherd tends goats, and a grazier manages livestock.

A pawnbroker is someone who lends money at interest, using personal items left as security (collateral) until the loan is repaid. If the borrower defaults, the pawnbroker sells the item. A pamphlet is a booklet, a jester entertains, and a mountaineer climbs mountains.

Option 2 is correct. 

Option 1 is correct.

A soothsayer is someone who claims to foretell the future or predict events through supernatural means, prophecy, or divination. The term combines 'sooth' (truth) and 'say' (speak). A sexton maintains church buildings and graveyards, a steward manages property or affairs, and a teller handles money transactions.

A seer is a person who claims to see visions or have prophetic insight into the future or hidden truths - essentially a prophet or visionary. The word comes from the Old English for 'one who sees.' A solicitor is a lawyer, a stringer is a freelance reporter, and a tinker repairs household items.

Option 4 is correct.

Option 1 is correct.

A jester is a professional entertainer who amuses and delights spectators through comedy, witty remarks, music, and performances - historically employed in royal courts. While a fool can also entertain, 'jester' specifically refers to this professional role. A steward manages household affairs, a tanner works with leather, and 'fool' is more general.

A warmonger is someone who actively promotes, encourages, or advocates for war - they try to bring about or instigate conflict. The term combines 'war' and 'monger' (meaning dealer or promoter). A warrior fights in wars, a commander leads military forces, and a soldier serves in the army - none of these necessarily seek to start wars.

An attorney is a legally appointed representative who acts on behalf of someone else in business or legal matters, managing their affairs and representing their interests. An antiquary studies antiques and historical artifacts, a diarist writes journals or diaries, and a druggist prepares and dispenses medicines.

Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies speech sounds - how they're produced, how they function, and how they're organized in language systems. It analyzes sound patterns and their role in communication. Iconography studies visual symbols, lexicography compiles dictionaries, and 'hology' is not a recognized scientific field.

Option 1 is correct.

Gastronomy is the study and practice of fine eating and drinking - it encompasses the art, science, and culture of selecting, preparing, and consuming quality food and beverages. Futurology studies future possibilities, graphology claims to analyze character through handwriting, and palmistry claims to read palms for fortune-telling.

Option 4 is correct.

Phrenology is the study of the external form and shape of the cranium (skull), particularly the now-discredited theory that skull shape reveals character traits and mental abilities. Developed in the 19th century, practitioners believed bumps on the skull corresponded to personality traits. Optics studies light and vision, geodesy measures Earth's shape, and mineralogy studies minerals.

Option 4 is correct.