Physical Chemistry and Surface Properties

The boiling point of chloroform is 334 K.

Capillary action is the process that plants use to pull water up from the ground. 

The shape of a drop of rain is constrained by the surface tension, which tries to give it the shape for which the surface area is minimum. For a given volume, the spherical shape has the minimum surface area. That is why rain drops acquire spherical shape.

Surface tension of ethyl alcohol at 20^oC is 22.3. 

Poise is a unit of viscosity.

The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to absolute temperature only.

The temperature dependence of liquid viscosity is the phenomenon by which liquid viscosity tends to decrease (or, alternatively, its fluidity tends to increase) as its temperature increases. 

The van der Waals constant 'a' reflects the strength of the attractive forces between the gas particles and the constant 'b' is a measure of the actual volume occupied by a mol of gas particles. 

Valence electrons are electrons in one of the outer shells of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.

The constituent particles in covalent crystal are atoms.

1 pascal second is equal to 1 Ns/m² or 10 poise.
Thus, 1 poise = 0.1 Ns/m²

The melting point of Na is 371 K. 

A molecular solid is a solid composed of molecules held together by the van der Waals forces. Out of the given, only solid carbon dioxide is a molecular solid.

A stalagmometer is a device for investigating surface tension using the stalagmometric method. 

C₆H₆ is the molecular formula of benzene.

Ostwald viscometer is used to measure viscosity.
Stalagmometer is used to measure surface tension.
Sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure.

At 0^oC and 2 atm pressure, the density of neon is maximum. 

Evaporation causes cooling. When a liquid evaporates, it absorbs the latent heat of vapourization from its surroundings to regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption of energy makes surrounding cool.

Surface tension decreases when temperature increases because cohesive forces decrease with an increase of molecular thermal activity. The influence of the surrounding environment is due to the adhesive action liquid molecules have at the interface.

Adhesion of water to the walls of a vessel will cause an upward force on the liquid at the edges and result in a meniscus, which turns upward. The surface tension acts to hold the surface intact. Capillary action occurs when the adhesion to the walls is stronger than the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules.

Ionic crystals are formed by a combination of highly electropositive ions (cations) and highly electronegative ions (anions). Thus, strong electrostatic force of attraction acts within the ionic crystals.

Osmotic pressure, π = cRT = 0.2 x 0.083 x 300 = 4.98 atm

Covalent bonds are extremely strong, so covalent solids are very hard.

Iodine is a molecular solid in which only one type of atoms of iodine are present.

Cu is a metallic solid.