Overview of Microorganisms (IUET)
Influenza virus Rubella Adenovirus DNA viruses adenovirus parvovirus and poxvirus
Questions
Which of the following statements regarding S. aureus is false?
- S. aureus is both a commensal bacterium and a pathogen.
- S. aureus can become resistant to flucloxacillin.
- S. aureus is an important cause of endocarditis.
- S. aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium.
- S. aureus is transmitted through air droplets or aerosol.
Which of the following bacteria is an important potential bioterrorism weapon?
- Listeria
- Bacillus anthracis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Enterococci
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is true?
- It is a complication of beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection.
- It only affects the elderly.
- It complicates 3% of acute sore throats.
- It shows no evidence of genetic susceptibility.
- It is caused by immediate hypersensitivity to streptococci.
Epstein-Barr virus is NOT implicated in which of the following conditions?
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative syndrome
Antigenic variation is a major mechanism of passively evading the host immune surveillance. Which of the following microorganisms do(es) NOT use this mechanism?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Influenza A virus
- Borrelia recurrentis
- HIV
- Trypanosomes
Which of the following do(es) NOT predispose to superficial Candida albicans infection?
- Pregnancy
- Lymphoma
- Diabetes mellitus
- Vegetarian diet
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Which of the following statements regarding the cytokine profile of various diseases is true?
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with a predominant Th2 profile.
- Visceral leishmaniasis is associated with a good Th1 response.
- Tuberculoid leprosy is associated with a predominant Th2 profile.
- Lepromatous leprosy is associated with a predominant Th1 profile.
- Widespread disease in patients with Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection (miliary tuberculosis) is associated with a Th2 response.
Which of the following statements about CMV is FALSE?
- Cytomegalovirus is a member of the retroviral group of viruses.
- Herpes viruses are DNA viruses.
- CMV can down regulate the host response.
- CMV is named for the large inclusion bodies in the nucleus of the infected cell.
- Primary CMV infection can be mild and similar to glandular fever.
Which of the following mechanisms does NOT help to clear Aspergillus spores from bronchial tree?
- Bronchial cilia
- Alveolar macrophages
- Engulfment by neutrophils
- Pulmonary dendritic cells taking up spores by coiling phagocytosis
- Stimulation of Th2 cells resulting in lytic antibody production
Which of the following statements about gram +ve bacteria is true?
- Gram +ve bacteria can be lysed by complement.
- They have a particularly thick outer carbohydrate capsule.
- Gram +ve bacteria are stained by crystal violet.
- They contain endotoxin.
- A gram-positive bacterium's cell wall consists of mainly glygozen.
The bacterium associated with pig handlers and fishermen is
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Pasteurella multocida
- S. pyogenes
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Streptococcus
Dead Wuchereria bancrofti can cause
- Elephantiasis
- Erythema nodosum leprosum
- Serum sickness
- Pigeon fancier's disease
- Farmer's lung
Which of the following bacteria colonises air conditioning systems and causes respiratory infections?
- Legionella pneumophila
- Helicobacter pylori
- Campylobacter
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Coxiella burnetii
Which of the following types of patients are at particular risk of neisserial infection?
- Those with defective classical complement pathway components
- Those who have had their spleens removed
- Students in crowded dormitories
- Military personnel in barracks
- Those with final lytic pathway defects of complement
Septic shock associated with gram-negative bacteria is primarily due to
- enterotoxin superantigen
- lipopolysaccharide
- platelet aggregation
- switch off of cytokine release
- peptidoglycans
‘Slapped cheek’ syndrome is associated with which of the following viruses?
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein–Barr virus
- Varicella zoster
- HHV-8
- HHV-6
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can lead to which of the following diseases?
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Agranulocytosis
- Cold hemagglutinin disease
- Thrombocytopenic purpura
- Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Which of the following bacteria spread(s) by unpasteurised milk in human beings?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Brucella
- Francisella tularensis
- Yersinia pestis
- Bartonella
Individuals lacking C8 or C9 are more susceptible to get infected from which the following type of bacteria?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Bacillus anthrax
- Vibrio cholerae
- Neisseria
- Listeria monocytogenes
Specific immunity to M. tuberculosis in mice can be transferred to naive histocompatible recipients by
- B-cells
- T-cells
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- IgG