Science - 2 (Gen. Studies)

Archibald Garrod is known as 'Father of human genetics' for describing that the inborn errors of metabolism are governed by genes and are inherited in a Mendelian pattern.

Uremia is caused due to malfunctioning of kidney. It results in high fever and fatigue.

It is in anaemia that the haemoglobin in the blood reduces. It is caused by the deficiency of iron. Hence, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood reduces.
It is in night blindness that the patient cannot see in dim light. In anaemia, the haemoglobin in the blood reduces.

 Streptomycin, Errythromycin, Tetracyclin etc. are examples of antibiotics.

Perihelion (closest distance to Sun) occurs around January 3rd each year, when Earth is about 147 million km from the Sun. December 22nd (B) is the winter solstice (shortest day in Northern Hemisphere) but not the closest distance. June 21st (C) is the summer solstice and aphelion (farthest point).

Petal attracts insects for pollination.

It contains densely packed nerve cells called neurons, which are specialised for conduction of nerve impulses. Each nerve cell is called a neuron. These are highly specialised cells. They have the ability to receive stimulus from within or outside and send impulses to different parts of the body. Each cell consists of three parts, the cyton or the cell body, the dendrons which are short processes arising from the cyton and further branch into thin dendrites, and the axon which is a single long cylindrical process forming fine branches terminally. Dendrites receive impulses and the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.

Recommended calcium per day during pregnancy is 1200 mg/day.

Option (4) is the correct answer.

It is a measure of overall diversity for the different ecosystems within a large region.

100^oC is the boiling point of water, i.e. it is the temperature at which liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, at this temperature both liquid and gaseous states of water can co–exist. Once boiling point is reached, the temperature of the system will remain constant until all water changes to gaseous state because the heat supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles of water so as to change it into gaseous state. At 99^oC, water will exist in liquid and at 101^oC, water will exist in gaseous state. At 0^oC (i.e. Melting point of ice) both ice and water will co-exist as at this temperature, ice starts melting. The heat supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles so as to convert it into liquid state. The temperature will remain 0^oC until all the ice changes into liquid and therefore, at 0^oC, both solid and liquid states will co-exist.

It is an important physical property of metals. For example, gold and silver are both malleable and ductile.

Sound with the frequency range of 20 Hertz to 20,000 Hertz is called audible sound.

He found that a metal rod from the top to the bottom of a building makes the flow of lightning harmlessly pass through.

1. Statement (1) is wrong. The least distance of distinct vision for a healthy human eye is 25 cm.
2. Statement (2) is correct. The time difference between actual sunset and apparent is 2 minutes. This happens due to atmospheric refraction.

Statement (1) is correct. Mercury is the only liquid in which conduction is possible due to its low specific heat.
Statement (2) is incorrect. Black bodies are good radiators and good conductors of heat.

(a) With the increase in pressure, the water molecules come closer to each other and solidify.
(b) With increase in surface tension of water, it leads to freezing by compressing the molecules of water.

The correct hierarchy of classification of organisms is <span style="font-family:" arial;="" font-size:="" small;="">Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Genus – Species.

The substance isinglass is not obtained from plants, but from fish.

Concave mirror is used in a solar cooker because sun rays can be concentrated on one point, producing a huge amount of heat to cook the food.

The product of force and displacement in the direction of force is known as the work done.
So, work = force x distance 
The unit of force is Newton and the unit of distance is metre. 
Therefore, the unit of work is Newton-metre.

Galvanisation is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.

Both lifters A and B do the same amount of work because they apply the same force to lift the same barbell above their heads and the displacement  is also same W = FS cos0 = FS 

F is force applied  , S is the  displacement in same direction

Statement 1 is correct. Yes, lightning produces ozone gas. During lightning, 99% of the gas in contact with sun's corona is converted into ozone.
Statement 2 is also correct. Mars is red because its surface contains a lot of iron oxide or rust.

Statement (1) is correct. Acetylene or Ethylene gas is used in developing the enzymes for the ripening of fruits and vegetables.

Adrenaline

When milk is churned, the centrifugal force generated by the rotational motion pushes the denser milk outward, while the lighter cream (which has a higher fat content) accumulates in the center. This is the same principle used in centrifuges to separate substances of different densities.

The cells having nuclear material without nuclear membrane are termed as prokaryotic cells and the organisms with this kind of cells are called prokaryotes.

Statement (1) is correct. 'Totipotency' word 'Toti' means total and 'potent' means capacity to divide indefinitely and differentiate into full fledged organisms.
Statement (2) is incorrect. Production of blood corpuscles is the function of stem cells, which are produced from totipotent cells.

Statement 1 is correct. The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite (a compound of chlorine), which is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water.

Statement 2 is incorrect. A common hydrogenation is the hardening of animal fats or vegetable oils to make them solid at room temperature and improve their stability.