Law and Constitution - 1 (UP Police)

Private key is kept on the owner's system and is never transmitted publicly. The senders of an electronic document use their private key to encrypt that document. This is the digital signature.

The Information Technology Act, 2000 does not apply to any contract for the sale or conveyance of immovable property or any interest in such property.

Any person aggrieved by an order made by the controller or by an adjudicating officer appointed under the Information Technology Act, 2000 can prefer an appeal before the Tribunal within 45 days of receiving a copy of the order of the controller or the adjudicating officer.

Section 66A of the Information Technology Act deals with the punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service.

Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) is a government organisation under Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. It is a nodal agency that deals with cyber security threats like hacking and phishing. It strengthens security-related defence of the Indian internet domain.

The President is the formal head of the legislature, executive and judiciary branches of Indian democracy. The President of India does not appoint the Chief Minister of a State. The public appoints the Chief Minister of State in India.

Correct Answer: 304-B of I.P.C.

Correct Answer: Section 399

Section 391 of the Indian Penal Code provides that when five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery and persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting or aiding, is said to commit the offence of dacoity.

Correct Answer: All of the above

Correct Answer: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

An attempted crime is the one that wasn’t finished or which failed to achieve completion. Thus, as A did not succeed in completing the crime, so A will be guilty of attempt to commit theft.

The offence of criminal intimidation involves threats of injury to the person, property or reputation of the person or threats of injury to a third person, (e.g. a family member) their property or reputation. Thus, burning someone's house will be considered under criminal intimidation.

Correct Answer: Motive
Motive is the term used to explain why a person committed a crime. It isn’t the same as intent which relates to whether an action was accidental or intentional. Intent is an element of just about every crime, meaning that the prosecution must establish that the defendant intended to commit the criminal act. (Sometimes it’s enough to prove that the defendant didn’t act intentionally, but was reckless or criminally negligent.) But motive usually isn’t a criminal element and the prosecution doesn’t have to prove that the defendant had it. Instead, prosecutors try to establish motive in order to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty. Motive is a thing primarily known to the accused himself and it may not be possible for the prosecution in each and every case to find out the real motive behind the crime.

In such an eventuality, the Chief Justice, or in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court of India discharges the functions of the President until a newly elected President enters upon the office or a newly elected Vice-President begins to act as the President under Article 65 of the Constitution.

Correct Answer: No punishment
Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is or who by reason of a mistake of fact, and not by reason of a mistake of law, in good faith believes himself to be bound by law to do it.

Exercise of criminal jurisdiction depends on the locality of the offence, and not on the locality of the offender. Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

The intellectual property is classified into seven categories as follows: 
(1) Patents
(2) Industrial designs
(3) Trademarks
(4) Copyrights
(5) Geographical indications
(6) Layout designs of integrated circuits
(7) Protection of undisclosed information/trade

Thus, option (3) is not included in that.

Correct Answer: None of these
You are not permitted to plead ignorance as a defence to escape the rigors of law. If it was so, it would be very easy for any person to put forward ignorance as a defence, though he was aware of the law and its consequences.

Correct Answer: 9

Correct Answer: 21 and 18

In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.

Any act itself, that ought to be done or omitted, is a concrete duty. Every duty then supposes a corresponding right and every right a duty. Right and duty are correlative and inseparable.

Correct Answer: 18^th July, 1947

Correct Answer: The Parliament
Article 253 occurs in Part XI which deals with relations between the Union and the States. It provides that "notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of the said Chapter, the Parliament has power to make any law for the whole or any part of the territory of India for implementing any treaty, agreement or convention with any other country or countries or any decision made at any international conference, association or other body".

Correct Answer: six months
In practice, the President's rule has been imposed under different circumstances such as:
A) Failure of State Legislature to elect a leader as Chief Minister
B) Breakdown of a coalition
C) Loss of majority in the assembly
D) Elections postponed for unavoidable reasons

If approved by both the houses, the President's rule can continue for 6 months. It can be extended for a maximum 3 years with the approval of the Parliament after every 6 months.

Correct Answer: in accordance with the Constitution

Correct Answer: Finance Ministry

Surcharge is payable by an individual where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,000,000.

Correct Answer: by an electoral college of all the members of both the Houses of Parliament in accordance with proportional representation by means of single transferable vote and by secret ballot

Correct Answer: both the Houses of the Parliament and given assent to by the President

A money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only. If any question arises whether a bill is a money bill or not, the decision of the Speaker thereon is final. The Speaker is under no obligation to consult anyone in coming to a decision or in giving his certificate that a bill is a money bill. 

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto reforms) was passed by the British Parliament in 1909 in an attempt to widen the scope of legislative councils.

The salient feature of the Indian Constitution includes all the given options, except (1). Presidential type of government is not the salient feature of the Indian constitution. India follows Parliamentary type of government. USA follows a Presidential type of government. 

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions.
The Constitution of India is divided into 22 parts. 

The name of the Parliament of India is SANSAD. There are two houses of the Parliment - the Rajya Sabha (the Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (the House of the People). 

The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from the Great Britain, its members served as the nation's first Parliament. The Constituent Assembly held eleven sessions. 

The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from the Great Britain, its members served as the nation's first Parliament. The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during the meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22^nd July, 1947, a few days before India's independence from the British on 15^th August, 1947. 

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining the fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. Originally, there were 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, which further increased to 12. 

The assembly met in its second plenary session from 20-24 January, 1947 and adopted an 'Objective Resolution' moved by Jawaharlal Nehru. The objective of the framers of the constitution was declared to be the creation of Sovereign Democratic Republic for India. 

Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the Chairman of the first Rajya Sabha. He was the only Chairman to have two terms (13.5.1952-12.5.1962). 

In India, the Rajya Sabha is called the Upper House which has 250 members. Members sit for staggered six-years term, with one-third of the members retiring every two years.

The Rajya Sabha has at most 250 members, of which 238 are elected indirectly by the legislatures of each state and union territory. Seats are allotted in proportion to the population of each state or union territory. The other 12 members are nominated by the President of India.

All the principles of the constitution once formed cannot be amended by any authority. So, the basic features of the Indian Constitution do not amount to a change was said by the Supreme Court of India.

Article 368 of the Constitution governs constitutional amendments. The provisions were inserted by the Forty-second Amendment Act, but have been declared invalid by the Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case. All the given options are the judgements which are historical in respect of amendment to Article 368 of the Constitution.