General Studies

 Diamond is harder than graphite, though both of them are allotropes of carbon due to the hexagonal structure of diamond.

The correct matching is: Rice (A) - Gundhi bug (2), Wheat (B) - Aphid (1), Sugarcane (C) - Top shoot borer moth (4), Gram (D) - Greasy cutworm (3). This matches option C.

According to the Global Environment Outlook 4 report by UNEP, approximately 45,000 square miles of forests are lost annually worldwide due to deforestation, logging, and land conversion.

In November 2007, China and the USA agreed to establish a direct military hotline between their Defense Ministries. This communication channel was designed to prevent misunderstandings and manage crises during potential conflicts.

19th century Indian social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Jyotiba Phule focused on eliminating social evils such as sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination. They worked toward establishing an egalitarian society based on human dignity and equal rights. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because reformers did not unanimously oppose idol worship, not all advocated equal status for women, and while some promoted Western education, it was not their defining characteristic.

The Himalayan ranges are arranged from outer (Siwalik) to inner (Greater Himalayas, Trans-Himalayas, or Zaskar ranges). As we move inward, both the altitude and the structural complexity increase progressively. The inner ranges consist of higher peaks with more complex geological formations and rugged topography compared to the relatively younger and simpler outer hills.

This matching question pairs tribal uprisings in British India with their leaders. The Kol uprising (1831-32) was led by Buddho Bhagat, the Bhumi uprising (1799) by Ganga Narayan, the Santhal uprising (1855-56) by Sindhu and Kanhu (Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu), and the Kherwar uprising by Bhagirath Manjhi. These were tribal resistances against British exploitation and interference with traditional ways of life.

This question matches India's Five Year Plans with their employment policy focus. The Fifth Plan (1974-79) emphasized labor-intensive projects to generate employment. The Sixth Plan (1980-85) introduced the 'Weekly Status' norm for measuring unemployment. The Seventh Plan (1985-90) focused on self-employment ventures across sectors, and the Eighth Plan (1992-97) emphasized agriculture for self-employment.

This question matches Asian countries with their currencies. Ringgit is Malaysia's currency, Baht is Thailand's currency, Rupiah is Indonesia's currency, and Won is South Korea's currency. The correct pairing is: Ringgit-4 (Malaysia), Baht-3 (Thailand), Rupiah-1 (Indonesia), Won-2 (South Korea).

The atomic mass unit (amu or unified atomic mass unit, u) is defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of a neutral carbon-12 atom in its ground state. This standard was chosen because carbon-12 has six protons and six neutrons, making calculations convenient. The value is approximately 1.660539 x 10^-27 kg. Options B and C reference oxygen and hydrogen which were older standards.

Science Express was an innovative mobile science exhibition launched in 2007 as a joint initiative between India's Department of Science and Technology and Germany's Max Planck Society. It featured specially designed coaches exhibiting contemporary scientific developments, cutting-edge technologies, and future research areas to promote scientific awareness among students and the general public across India.

An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. Most metals form amalgams readily when combined with mercury. Iron is unique among common metals in that it does not form an amalgam under ordinary conditions. This property is exploited in mercury extraction processes where iron plates are used to collect mercury. Zinc, copper, and magnesium all readily form amalgams with mercury.

The balanced diet for an adult working man (as per ICMR guidelines) should include approximately 600 grams of carbohydrates and 420 grams of total protein per day. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source, while proteins are needed for tissue repair and growth. These amounts are based on caloric requirements of a moderately active adult male. Option A correctly states these proportions.

Thumba in Kerala was chosen for India's first rocket launch station in 1963 primarily because of its unique geographic advantages. It is very close to the sea in the East, West, and South directions, which is crucial for safe rocket launches and trajectory clearance. While being near the magnetic equator is also beneficial, the immediate practical necessity was the sea access for launch safety.

Currency prices in international markets (exchange rates) are primarily determined by demand for the country's goods and services (exports) and government stability (which affects investor confidence and economic policy). The World Bank does not decide currency prices - it's a development institution, not a forex market regulator. Economic potential is a factor but is reflected in demand and stability rather than being a separate determinant.

China is by far the world's largest producer of tin, accounting for more than two-thirds of global tin production. The country has abundant tin reserves and major mining operations in provinces like Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hunan. Indonesia and Myanmar are also significant producers, but China's output dwarfs all others combined.

Venus is the only planet in our solar system that rotates (orbits) on its axis in the opposite direction - from East to West, or retrograde rotation. All other planets including Earth, Mercury, and Jupiter rotate in the same direction (West to East or prograde) when viewed from above their north poles. This unique rotation makes Venus appear to spin backwards compared to other planets.

Angkor Wat in Cambodia is the largest religious monument/temple in the world by land area, covering approximately 162.6 hectares (402 acres). Built in the 12th century as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu, it later transformed into a Buddhist temple. While Meenakshi Temple (Madurai), Pashupatinath (Nepal), and Kashi Vishwanath (Varanasi) are significant Hindu temples, none match Angkor Wat's massive scale.

The correct matching pairs are Nigeria-Abuja (A-2), Qatar-Doha (B-4), Zambia-Lusaka (C-3), and Angola-Luanda (D-1). These represent the current capital cities of these African and Middle Eastern nations. Option A correctly pairs all four countries with their respective capitals in the sequence A.2, B.4, C.3, D.1.