Agricultural Science: Plant Biology and Crop Management

Nickel is a micronutrient. Plants need micronutrients in concentrations of less than 100 milligrams per kilogram of their dry matter.

Light reaction occurs exclusively in grana.

Sunflower turns towards sunlight to make food.

Soyabean is a legume which is associated symbiotically with Rhizobium.

Manure is not prepared in factories. Fertilisers are prepared in factories.

During meiosis, chromosomes fail to separate, results in disbalancing of chromosome number.

Red soils develop their characteristic reddish color from the extensive presence of iron oxides, which form through the weathering of ancient crystalline rocks under tropical conditions. The iron oxidizes to give the red hue. Deforestation, potash presence, or climate alone do not cause this specific coloration.

Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the United States, constituting some 95% of all cotton production there.

Daffodil is an inedible flower. It is not used for making medicines.

Wendell Meredith Stanley was the first to crystallize the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in 1935, demonstrating that viruses could be isolated in crystalline form, which was crucial in understanding their nature. Von Manuel, Jack Karl, and Ronald Ross (who worked on malaria) are not associated with this discovery.

Blast disease of rice is caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (also called Magnaporthe oryzae), which is one of the most devastating rice pathogens. Alternaria solani affects potatoes/tomatoes, Entyloma oryzae causes smut disease, and Helminthosporium oryzae causes brown spot but not blast.

Caryota urens is the correct botanical name for the toddy palm (also called fishtail palm), which is tapped for its sap used to make toddy. Punica granatum is pomegranate, Achras zapota is sapodilla (chiku), and Cydonia oblonga is quince - none of which are toddy palms.

Caryopsis is a single-seeded fruit where the dry papery seed coat remains permanently fused with the pericarp (fruit wall), typical of grasses like wheat, rice, and maize. Achene has a separate seed coat, cypsela has a pappus, and samara has wing-like extensions.

C4 plants possess dimorphic chloroplasts - bundle sheath chloroplasts are larger and lack grana, while mesophyll chloroplasts are smaller with well-developed grana. This Kranz anatomy is an adaptation for efficient carbon fixation. Bulliform cells and parallel venation are general monocot features, while night-opening stomata characterize CAM plants.

The flower whose petals are separated from each other is known as polypetalous.