Law and Constitution - 3 (UP Police)

The minimum age for qualification as a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years. Each Lok Sabha is formed for a period of five years, at the end of which the House is dissolved.

Fundamental Rights given under Indian Constitution cover all citizens of India.

The court had, in an interim order on September 29, 2009, directed that henceforth no unauthorized construction shall be carried out or permitted in the name of temple, church, mosque or gurudwara on public streets, public parks or other public places. The direction is now a final ruling.

A fiduciary is someone who has undertaken to act for and on behalf of another in a particular matter in circumstances which give rise to a relationship of trust and confidence. A fiduciary duty is the highest standard of care at either equity or law.

Correct Answer: Lower than the retirement age for a Supreme Court Judge
The retirement age of the judge of the Supreme Court of India is 65 years whereas that of a high court judge is 62 years and the age for retirement of district judge is 60 years.

Correct Answer: Parole
Parole is the temporary or permanent release of a prisoner before the expiry of a sentence, on the promise of good behaviour. 

Section 302 of Indian Penal Code - "Punishment for Murder" - Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or [imprisonment for life], and shall also be liable to fine. 

Section 302 in The Indian Penal Code: Punishment for murder — Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

Adjudication is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation, including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved.

President Pranab Mukharjee has approved a new set of protocols to be used in greetings, invitations and address. According to this, in Hindi, 'Rashtrapati Mahoday' should be used in place of 'Mahamahim' during such occasions.

Correct Answer: 16 years
Applications for a provisional driving licence can be made from the age of 16. Valid for driving a moped or gearless motorcycle (with a capacity of up to 50 cc) from aged 16, and a car from aged 18 or older to drive any other type of vehicle.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is headquartered in Delhi, established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It is not located in Mumbai, Bengaluru, or Kolkata, though these cities may have regional offices or related institutions.

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to protect women from domestic violence. It was brought into force by the Indian government from 26^th October, 2006.

The Chairperson and Member of the State Human Rights Commission are appointed by the Governor on the basis of recommendations of a Committee comprising the Chief Minister as the Chairperson, the Home Minister, the Speaker of the Assembly and the Leader of Opposition in the Assembly as members.

Correct Answer: federal form of government

Correct Answer: Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility.

Correct Answer: Reputation
Defamation Law falls under Tort Law. It refers to false statements about a person, communicated as fact to one or more other persons by an individual or entity (such as a person, newspaper, magazine, or political organization), which causes damage and does harm to the target’s reputation and/or standing in the community.

An advance-fee scam typically involves promising the victim a significant share of a large sum of money, in return for a small up-front payment, which the fraudster requires in order to obtain the large sum. If a victim makes the payment, the fraudster either invents a series of further fees for the victim, or simply disappears.
There are many variations on this type of scam, including the 419 scam, the Spanish Prisoner scam, the black money scam and the Detroit-Buffalo scam. The scam has been used with fax and traditional mail, and is now prevalent in online communications like emails. The scam messages often claim to originate in Nigeria, but usually this is not true. The number "419" refers to the section of the Nigerian Criminal Code dealing with fraud, the charges and penalties for offenders.

Correct Answer: Abettor
Abettor is one who commands, advises, instigates, or encourages another to commit a crime. A person who, being present, incites another to commit a crime, and thus becomes a principal. To be an abettor, the accused must have instigated or advised the commission of a crime or been present for the purpose of assisting in its commission; he or she must share criminal intent with which the crime was committed.

In a republic form of government, the head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary monarch. This word denotes a government where no one holds a public power as proprietary right. A democratic republic is an entity in which the head of state is elected, directly or indirectly, for a fixed tenure. The President of India is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The post of the President of India is not hereditary. Every citizen of India is eligible to become the President of the country. The leader of the state is elected by the people.

Section 326 A in the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for acid throwing. The minimum punishment is 10 years of imprisonment.

Correct Answer: political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

Correct Answer: Human Rights Protection Act, 1993

The Indian Constitution does not recognize property right as a fundamental right. In the year 1977, the 44th amendment eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property as a fundamental right. However, in another part of the Constitution, Article 300 (A) was inserted to affirm that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. The result is that the right to property as a fundamental right is now substituted as a statutory right. 

In the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, both presiding officers - Speaker and Deputy Speaker - are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the house. As such, no specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected as the Speaker.

Something that excites the disaffection towards the government comes under sedition.

The crime of conspiracy is defined as two or more persons conspiring to commit any crime, together with proof of the commission of an overt act in furtherance by one or more of the parties to such agreement.

Correct Answer: without the consent of any state
253. Legislation for giving effect to international agreements - Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, Parliament has power to make any law for the whole or any part of the territory of India for implementing any treaty, agreement or convention with any other country or countries or any decision made at any international conference, association or other body.

Under abetment, instigation is enough to commit an offence.

189. Threat of injury to public servant — Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with impris­onment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.

There is no right of private defence against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that act may not be strictly justifiable by law.

Powers are only in hands of sessions and additional sessions judge in case of murder.

Metal stamped and issued by the authority of government of India u/s 230 of IPC.

According to Section 309 of the IPC, "whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards commission of such offence, shall be punished for a term which may extend to one year of imprisonment, or with fine, or with both".

Section 147 of Indian Penal Code: "Punishment for Rioting" - Whoever is guilty of rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. There are some offences which cannot be compounded. They can only be quashed. This is because the nature of offence is so grave and criminal, that the accused cannot be allowed to go scot-free. Here, in these types of cases generally, it is the "state", i.e. police, who has filed the case, and hence the question of complainant entering into compromise does not arise.

These are not serious offences according to sec 339 and 340.

Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence punishable under section 376 or section 376A or section 376D and is subsequently convicted of an offence punishable under any of the said sections shall be punished with imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, or with death.

It shall be unlimited but not excessive.

/

These all are dangerous body injuries and are also called as grievous hurt u/s 320 of IPC.

Sec 378 of IPC states that whoever intending to take moveable property dishonestly without consent is said to commit theft.

Sec 307 deals with attempt to murder and A is having intention to kill B.

Imprisonment shall be of 1 year or fine u/s 374 of IPC.

Indian federation model resembles the Canadian one where instead of federation it is known by the term Union.

The Prime Minister in India will have to resign when the Lok Sabha turns down his budget proposals. If a budget is not passed, there is a no confidence motion. If the Prime Minister loses the no confidence motion, he has to resign.

The Governor is a constitutional head of the state. Though in most matters he has to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers, he can exercise discretion in some cases. The Constitution does not specify these matters, but the matters in which he can act without the advice of the Council of Ministers, like the selection of Chief Minister if no political party has a clear-cut majority. 

Option 3 is correct.
During a national emergency, many Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. By contrast, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended according to the original Constitution.