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Body Fluids and Circulation

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15 Questions Published
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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which among the following statements regarding heart sounds is incorrect?

  1. Heart sounds are a result of a beating heart and resultant blood flow.
  2. Heart murmurs are pathological noises that results from abnormal blood flow in the heart or blood vessels.
  3. Turbulent blood flow is a result of stenotic (narrowed) valves or blood vessels.
  4. Third heart sound is pathological in children but physiological in adults.
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

After complete check up, the doctor told Mr. Khare that his wife is suffering from a pathological situation of the heart, arising from ectopic focus. Which among the following diseases is this?

  1. Extrasystole
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Cardiac tamponade
  4. Aortic valve stenosis
  5. Mitral stenosis
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The nucleus of which of the following leukocytes are considered as lysosomes?

  1. Monocytes
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Neutrophils
  5. Lymphocytes
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which among the following cardiovascular defects is accompanied by action potentials of extended duration and flattened oscillations of intracellular calcium ions?

  1. Diastolic dysfunction
  2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  3. Dilative cardiomyopathy
  4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Action potentials (electrical impulses) in the heart originate in specialized cardiac muscle cells, called autorhythmic cells. Which among the following statements is incorrect regarding the action potentials and the autorhythmic cells?

  1. The cardiac cycle spreads along both atria through the gap junctions of the cardiac muscle fibers.
  2. At the atrioventricular node slight delay of the electrical transmission occurs.
  3. The bundle of His receives the action potential from the AV node.
  4. The autorhythmic cells serve as a pacemaker to initiate the cardiac cycle.
  5. The bundle of His conducts the action potential from the interventricular septum, down to the apex of the heart.
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which among the following does not characterise the circulation of blood by human heart?

  1. The heart regulates the amount of vasodilation or vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries.
  2. During the ventricular systole, the subendocardial coronary vessels are compressed due to the high intra-artirial pressures.
  3. If the posterior descending artery is supplied by the circumflex artery (CX), then the coronary circulation is termed as left-dominant.
  4. The papillary muscles are attached with the mitral valve.
  5. The majority of vasculature in the body constricts to norepinephrine.
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

A ventricle is a muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system. Which among the following statements regarding the ventricles of heart is false?

  1. When the left ventricle contracts, the left AV valve gets closed.
  2. When the left ventricle relaxes, the aortic semilunar valve gets closed.
  3. The left ventricle is smaller and its walls are thinner than those of the right ventricle.
  4. The chordae tendineae are attached to papillary muscles at the opposite, bottom side of the right ventricle.
  5. When the right ventricle relaxes, there is more pressure in the pulmonary trunk.
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Vasodilators opens (dilate) the blood vessels. Which among the following is a vasodilator?

  1. Nicotine
  2. Angiotensin II
  3. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
  4. Antidiuretic hormone
  5. Atrial natriuretic peptide
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Regarding the innervation of the human heart, which among the following statements is false?

  1. Afferent fibres carrying pain sensation run to the spinal cord.
  2. During rest, the vagal tone is recessive.
  3. Postganglionic fibres descend to the heart and form two plexuses.
  4. The effect of autonomic nervous system on coronary artery and blood flow is a reciprocal.
  5. Preganglionic sympathetic fibres ascend from the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which among the following does not characterises a mammalian heart?

  1. The heart is effectively a syncytium.
  2. Few cardiac cells can contract without any signal from the nervous system.
  3. The SA node generates electrical impulses.
  4. The impulses are delayed for about 0.1s at bundle of His.
  5. This entire cycle, a single heart beat, lasts about 0.8 seconds.
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Factors that decrease the rhythmicity of the heart are known as negative chronotropic. Among the following, select a negative chronotropic.

  1. Vagal stimulation
  2. Mild alkalemia
  3. Sympathetic stimulation
  4. Moderate warming
  5. Thyroid hormones
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In order to magnify the efficiency of contraction and cardiac output, the conduction system of a mammalian heart follows various mechanisms. Which of the following statements regarding the conduction system is incorrect?

  1. Depolarisation propagates through cardiac muscle very sluggishly.
  2. Temporary inactivation of certain ion channels helps heart in relaxation.
  3. The action potentials of cardiac muscle are unusually sustained.
  4. There is a substantial atrial to ventricular delay.
  5. There is a coordinated contraction of ventricular cells.
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The action potential in contractile muscle fibers of the heart is similar to that in skeletal muscles of the body. Among the following statements, select the incorrect statement regarding the action potential of human heart?

  1. Within the cell, Ca 2+ binds to troponin.
  2. Rapid depolarization occurs when fast‐opening Na + channels in the sarcolemma open.
  3. A plateau phase occurs during which K+ enters the cytosol of the muscle cell.
  4. Repolarization occurs as K + channels open and K + diffuses out of the cell.
  5. The refractory period of cardiac muscle is dramatically longer than that of the skeletal muscle.
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

There are certain important factors causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation in arterioles. Which among the following factors causes vasoconstriction in the arterioles?

  1. Paracrines
  2. Local chemical factors
  3. Non-adgregenic, non-cholinergic autonomic nerves
  4. Renal hormones
  5. Epinephrine
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In human adults, about 5 litres of blood contributes 7-8% of the body weight. Which of the following statements regarding blood composition is false?

  1. Leukocytes can leave the blood stream.
  2. Blood cells have epithelial origin.
  3. Erythrocytes contribute about 43% of the total volume of the blood.
  4. The blood platelets perform their functions exclusively in the blood stream.
  5. Erythrocytes are the dominant cells in the blood.
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